📚 Textbook Topic Analysis Report

Subjects: Biology, chemistry, physics

Total Chapters: 102 | Total Topics: 493


1. Topic Overview

List of all discovered topics with their Gemma-generated names and top keywords.

Topic Count Name Representation topic_name Top 10 Keywords
-1 43181 -1_energy_water_example_force [energy, water, example, force, mass, temperature, atoms, time, used, species, number, electrons, electron, cells, molecules, charge, called, change, light, use, heat, given, field, different, does, small, earth, form, cell, equation, direction, forces, large, pressure, work, body, plants, ions, atom, reaction, motion, velocity, process, solution, figure, organisms, like, particles, hydrogen, gas] Energy, Water, Example energy, water, example, force, mass, temperature, atoms, time, used, species
0 1501 0_figure_figure 18_figure 10_figure 11 [figure, figure 18, figure 10, figure 11, figure 17, 18, figure 16, figure 19, figure 27, 19, figure 14, 17, figure 21, 11, figure 25, figure 23, figure 15, figure 20, 27, figure 12, 21, 16, 23, 25, figure 22, 22, figure 13, 14, shows, figure 30, 15, 13, 10, 12, 30, 20, 26, figure 24, 24, 29, figure 26, 31, 33, figure 34, 32, schematic, figure 31, shown, figure 32, graph] Figure, Figure 18, Figure 10 figure, figure 18, figure 10, figure 11, figure 17, 18, figure 16, figure 19, figure 27, 19
1 1014 1_car_force_velocity_friction [car, force, velocity, friction, acceleration, exerts, ball, speed, exerted, force exerted, exert, rest, horizontal, player, suppose, centripetal, kg, initial, angular velocity, angular, initial speed, calculate, child, spring, ground, centripetal acceleration, 00, backward, accelerates, constant speed, elevator, floor, thrown, assuming, magnitude, straight, leg, negligible, initial velocity, average force, final, normal force, weight, direction, calculate force, angle, professional, exerts force, moving, height] Car, Force, Velocity car, force, velocity, friction, acceleration, exerts, ball, speed, exerted, force exerted
2 825 2_cancer_heart_patients_symptoms [cancer, heart, patients, symptoms, disease, disorders, medical, treatment, risk, people, patient, alzheimer, therapy, doses, treat, drugs, diseases, research, surgery, brain, health, studies, mri, drug, medicine, effects, alzheimer disease, cause, imaging, disorder, failure, problems, doctors, stroke, blood, pain, severe, radiation, screening, medications, damage, blood pressure, lead, recent, body, exposure, loss, united states, used, united] Cancer, Heart, Patients cancer, heart, patients, symptoms, disease, disorders, medical, treatment, risk, people
3 660 3_neurons_sensory_neuron_nervous [neurons, sensory, neuron, nervous, axon, brain, nerve, receptors, signals, axons, spinal, cortex, spinal cord, synaptic, signal, action, channels, cord, motor, synapses, stimulus, membrane, depolarization, stimuli, information, receptor, nerves, lobe, dendrites, central nervous, potential, synapse, figure 35, electrical, cerebral, gated, auditory, autonomic, cns, glial, cell body, muscle, impulses, potentials, touch, 35, autonomic nervous, processing, hypothalamus, impulse] Neurons, Sensory, Neuron neurons, sensory, neuron, nervous, axon, brain, nerve, receptors, signals, axons
4 565 4_voltage_current_resistance_circuit [voltage, current, resistance, circuit, emf, capacitor, resistor, voltage source, series, ac, capacitance, parallel, galvanometer, resistors, source, ohm, device, ohm law, coil, inductance, resistances, inductor, capacitors, series parallel, flux, voltage current, total resistance, ammeter, terminal voltage, change current, voltmeter, battery, reactance, flows, connected, induction, induced, magnetic flux, internal resistance, voltages, power, output, lenz law, current flows, total, flowing, lenz, ac voltage, terminal, faraday] Voltage, Current, Resistance voltage, current, resistance, circuit, emf, capacitor, resistor, voltage source, series, ac
5 559 5_science_scientific_knowledge_laws [science, scientific, knowledge, laws, physics, scientists, research, nature, scientific method, underlying, theories, discoveries, phenomena, reasoning, questions, new, experiments, theory, researchers, hypotheses, models, logical, complexity, basic science, method, sciences, simplicity, seek, basic, principles, data, situations, hypothesis, observation, question, people, findings, study, applications, insights, universe, discipline, world, ideas, results, technology, observations, careful, general, understand] Science, Scientific, Knowledge science, scientific, knowledge, laws, physics, scientists, research, nature, scientific method, underlying
6 493 6_blood_heart_lungs_lung [blood, heart, lungs, lung, arteries, alveoli, veins, blood flow, ventricle, pressure, air, valve, ventricles, capillaries, exhalation, vessels, flow, chest, valves, blood pressure, ventilation, alveolar, aorta, volume, cardiac, artery, airways, reserve, muscle, gas exchange, blood vessels, inhalation, circulation, node, breath, respiratory, systemic, exchange, diaphragm, sacs, residual, left, exhaled, contract, cavity, muscles, trachea, capacity, right, surface tension] Blood, Heart, Lungs blood, heart, lungs, lung, arteries, alveoli, veins, blood flow, ventricle, pressure
7 470 7_strategy_solution_discussion_strategy solution [strategy, solution, discussion, strategy solution, given, values, known values, solve, equation, solving, problem, vectors, final, acceleration, calculated, solution solving, using, asked, concept, vector, velocity, using equation, given values, substituting, gives discussion, entering, known, initial, expression, final position, entering known, sin, identify, equation solution, definition, knowns, momentum, yields discussion, solve problem, slope, gives, overtone, yields, use, entering given, current, calculate, force, problem solving, linear] Strategy, Discussion, Strategy Solution strategy, solution, discussion, strategy solution, given, values, known values, solve, equation, solving
8 467 8_cavity_coelom_mesoderm_mouth [cavity, coelom, mesoderm, mouth, ectoderm, endoderm, dorsal, protostomes, body, appendages, germ, cleavage, gut, hollow, deuterostomes, nerve, opening, mollusks, cord, digestive, head, layer, gills, ventral, germ layers, phylum, animals, animal, tentacles, arthropods, layers, embryonic, segment, develops, echinoderms, symmetry, crustaceans, epidermis, lined, chordates, exoskeleton, cuticle, development, sponge, stage, blastula, slits, organs, tail, feeding] Cavity, Coelom, Mesoderm cavity, coelom, mesoderm, mouth, ectoderm, endoderm, dorsal, protostomes, body, appendages
9 447 9_lens_focal_focal length_image [lens, focal, focal length, image, mirror, magnification, focal point, eyepiece, objective, converging, eye, length, diverging, rays, convex, object, light rays, point, distance, concave, radius curvature, diverging lens, curvature, lenses, vision, converging lens, spectacle, telescope, virtual, retina, microscope, cornea, parallel, image formed, cm, distant, projected, objective lens, ray, object distance, power, real, figure 25, away, figure 26, camera, person, correction, upright, common point] Lens, Focal, Focal Length lens, focal, focal length, image, mirror, magnification, focal point, eyepiece, objective, converging
10 405 10_figure_figure 38_figure 35_figure 30 [figure, figure 38, figure 35, figure 30, figure 45, 38, figure 43, figure 32, 35, figure 44, 30, 45, 43, micrograph, 18, 32, figure 33, figure 18, figure 34, figure 39, 44, figure 47, figure 37, 17, 19, cells figure, 33, 34, 20, 15, figure 20, shows, 39, tree, 12, figure 40, figure 36, 13, scanning, 11, 14, figure 14, joint, stem, 37, 47, 36, 16, figure 17, forest] Figure, Figure 38, Figure 35 figure, figure 38, figure 35, figure 30, figure 45, 38, figure 43, figure 32, 35, figure 44
11 388 11_atp_glycolysis_phosphate_nadh [atp, glycolysis, phosphate, nadh, pyruvate, glucose, acetyl, adp, citric, citric acid, acid cycle, electron transport, pathway, transport chain, phosphorylation, pathways, molecule, enzyme, cycle, high energy, molecules, step, catabolic, cellular respiration, respiration, transport, phosphate group, chain, adenosine, cellular, hydrolysis, sugar, intermediate, reactions, carbon, g3p, group, fructose, citrate, energy electrons, sugars, gtp, aerobic, catalyzed, energy atp, glycogen, oxidative, breaking, energy, catalyzes] Atp, Glycolysis, Phosphate atp, glycolysis, phosphate, nadh, pyruvate, glucose, acetyl, adp, citric, citric acid
12 364 12_oxides_oxidation_metals_oxide [oxides, oxidation, metals, oxide, carbonates, acid, phosphorus, halides, salts, react, oxidation state, metal, chlorine, fluorine, oxidation states, hydroxide, nitric, compounds, reacts, nitric acid, hydrogen, sulfur, halogens, sodium, nonmetals, carbonate, silicon, water form, prepared, oxidizing, form, sulfuric acid, sulfuric, containing, acids, iv, soluble, tin, ion, heating, nonmetal, ii, boron, oxygen, chloride, bromine, prepare, oxidizes, representative, alkali] Oxides, Oxidation, Metals oxides, oxidation, metals, oxide, carbonates, acid, phosphorus, halides, salts, react
13 318 13_decay_nuclide_fission_neutrons [decay, nuclide, fission, neutrons, radioactive, nucleus, nuclei, nuclear, nuclides, protons, radioactive decay, uranium, emission, stability, reactor, protons neutrons, neutron, stable, unstable, daughter, isotope, alpha, beta, positron, radiation, chain reaction, fusion, parent, electron capture, nuclear fission, capture, band, rutherford, decays, plutonium, 238, beta decay, 239, nucleon, positively charged, 235, nucleons, nuclear reactor, fuel, positively, reactors, proton, sustaining, binding energy, charged] Decay, Nuclide, Fission decay, nuclide, fission, neutrons, radioactive, nucleus, nuclei, nuclear, nuclides, protons
14 307 14_think_advantages_impact_does [think, advantages, impact, does, did, differ, disadvantages, advantage, case, does mean, mean, advantages disadvantages, effect, expect, confer, protein synthesis, outcomes, similar, possible outcomes, differences, mean say, splicing, complex adaptive, dna structure, evolve, imply, learned, antibiotics, moth, synthesis, conclude, tumor suppressor, adaptive, isotonic, suppressor, diamonds, doctor, experiment, photosynthesis, happened, outcome, ways, injected, reason, separating, results, downstream, limit, errors, muscle contraction] Think, Advantages, Impact think, advantages, impact, does, did, differ, disadvantages, advantage, case, does mean
15 298 15_gametophyte_haploid_sporophyte_pollen [gametophyte, haploid, sporophyte, pollen, female, spores, male, diploid, multicellular, meiosis, sac, spore, seed, mitosis, ovule, embryo, gametes, pollen grains, male female, cone, undergoes, sperm, grains, life cycle, egg, seedless, produce, tube, plant, develop, grain, zygote, plants, develops, stage, vascular, endosperm, stigma, dominant, flower, mother, grows, meiosis mitosis, cones, seed plants, gymnosperm, hyphae, club, ovary, mosses] Gametophyte, Haploid, Sporophyte gametophyte, haploid, sporophyte, pollen, female, spores, male, diploid, multicellular, meiosis
16 267 16_statements_following statements_following_false [statements, following statements, following, false, true, statement, likely, following structures, differences, domain, main, digestion, similarities differences, correct, represents, structures, events, expect, heterogeneous, function, following example, advantage, similarities, eukaryotic, viral replication, biomes, cells function, features, hypothesis, functions, symbolic, feedback, replication, way, feedback loop, major, human, ovarian, pelvis, items, role, compare contrast, reproductive, contributes, characteristic, viral, negative feedback, best, associated, bryophytes] Statements, Following Statements, Following statements, following statements, following, false, true, statement, likely, following structures, differences, domain
17 250 17_black holes_universe_black_holes [black holes, universe, black, holes, galaxies, dark matter, stars, matter, dark, black hole, existence, galactic, quantum gravity, substructure, big bang, bang, gravitational waves, particle, expansion, hole, forces, gravity, quantum, star, neutrinos, big, particles, unification, particle physics, gravitational, evidence, massive, space, quark, theory, general relativity, unification forces, galaxy, recent, guts, toe, carrier particles, remnants, physics, neutron, hubble, observed, expansion universe, quantum mechanics, relativity] Black Holes, Universe, Black black holes, universe, black, holes, galaxies, dark matter, stars, matter, dark, black hole
18 244 18_course_thing_question_classroom [course, thing, question, classroom, ask, refer, know, exceptions, quite, winged, knows, obvious, took place, truth, questions, look, far, facts, important, structured, explanations, warm, small number, crossover, reason, help, ultimate, true, follow, conditioning, worked, real, sophisticated, repeated, good, case, rigid, reverse, took, ideas, correct, answers, accepted, instead, nature, rare, imagine, commercial, ways, happen] Course, Thing, Classroom course, thing, question, classroom, ask, refer, know, exceptions, quite, winged
19 243 19_dominant_homozygous_recessive_heterozygous [dominant, homozygous, recessive, heterozygous, offspring, pea, cross, allele, alleles, yellow, trait, color, mendel, genotypes, peas, pea plants, seeds, round, breeding, recombination, white, green, figure 12, genotype, traits, tall, inflated, parents, heterozygote, crossed, phenotype, constricted, ab, flowers, true, generation, lethal, parent, ratio, plants, phenotypes, flower color, phenotypic, individuals, gametes, 12, wild type, eye, red, dominance] Dominant, Homozygous, Recessive dominant, homozygous, recessive, heterozygous, offspring, pea, cross, allele, alleles, yellow
20 235 20_shows_illustrates_figure_figure shows [shows, illustrates, figure, figure shows, 13 shows, 12 shows, figure 18, 14 shows, schematic, figure 30, graph, figure 22, figure 20, 17 shows, 21, figure 21, figure 16, figure 23, figure 27, figure 12, 18, versus, 23, diagram, 37 shows, graphs, 22, figure 32, field figure, figure 10, 30, 26, cotton, 27, 19, figure 15, figure 11, 13, 11, 32, figure 26, 16, figure 13, circuit, 15, 12, generator, views, pattern figure, voltage source] Shows, Illustrates, Figure shows, illustrates, figure, figure shows, 13 shows, 12 shows, figure 18, 14 shows, schematic, figure 30
21 230 21_solution_calculate equilibrium_calculate_concentration [solution, calculate equilibrium, calculate, concentration, molar solubility, naoh, ph, hcl, solubility, number moles, moles, equilibrium concentration, solution calculate, saturated, required, prepared, titration, saturated solution, added, equilibrium, acid, calculate molar, sodium, solution contains, acid solution, grams, precipitate, molar, mass, diluted, ethanol, sample, concentrations, 250, silver, kbr, solutions, mole, buffer, concentration solution, nacl, following, dissolve, volume, solution water, species present, ph solution, molarity, buffer solution, acetic] Calculate Equilibrium, Calculate, Concentration solution, calculate equilibrium, calculate, concentration, molar solubility, naoh, ph, hcl, solubility, number moles
22 228 22_flowers_nectar_flower_pollen [flowers, nectar, flower, pollen, seeds, wind, pollination, plants, attract, pollinated, plant, pollinators, insects, bees, trees, leaves, herbivory, fruits, aphids, grow, fruit, germination, germinate, insect, flies, sunlight, defenses, animals, flowering plants, birds, seed, plants evolved, plant species, bee, conditions, evolved, flowering, usually, growth, oak, produce, colors, year, dispersed, mechanisms, developed, seeds germinate, season, survival, carried] Flowers, Nectar, Flower flowers, nectar, flower, pollen, seeds, wind, pollination, plants, attract, pollinated
23 226 23_modification work_modification_credit modification_credit [modification work, modification, credit modification, credit, work, outline, matt, introduction, data matt, matt russell, russell, bar data, scale bar, usda, bar, cdc, flickr, flickr credit, cory, zanker, cory zanker, dr, wikimedia, chapter, wikimedia commons, commons, noaa, data, scale, usfws, ruiz villareal, villareal, mariana ruiz, mariana, ruiz, nasa, work mariana, false, following statements, david, photo modification, statements, photo, service, wildlife service, fish wildlife, scott, evolution, regulation, jon] Modification Work, Modification, Credit Modification modification work, modification, credit modification, credit, work, outline, matt, introduction, data matt, matt russell
24 216 24_visible_photon_photons_magnetic [visible, photon, photons, magnetic, atoms molecules, tubes, radiation, visible light, discharge, ir, rays, spectrum, energies, magnetic field, em, fluorescence, transitions, electrons, infrared, em radiation, atoms, material, absorbed, ray, frequencies, spectral, charged particles, fields, lines, photon energy, accelerated, particles, cathode, magnetic fields, absorption, neon, ejected, anode, ultraviolet, infrared radiation, detectors, high, interacts, uv, charged, wavelengths, population inversion, emission, light, field] Visible, Photon, Photons visible, photon, photons, magnetic, atoms molecules, tubes, radiation, visible light, discharge, ir
25 210 25_resistance_inductor_capacitor_resistor [resistance, inductor, capacitor, resistor, internal resistance, voltage, circuit, 00, battery, current, ac, 120, emf, power, 120 ac, wire, draws, defibrillator, capacitance, series, transformer, connected, unreasonable results, internal, reactance, copper wire, rlc, terminal voltage, connected series, unreasonable, flows, motor, resonant, short circuit, resonant frequency, having, series circuit, integrated concepts, time constant, alkaline, 240, rlc series, needed, resistors, flashlight, bulb, integrated, terminal, concepts, diameter] Resistance, Inductor, Capacitor resistance, inductor, capacitor, resistor, internal resistance, voltage, circuit, 00, battery, current
26 207 26_immune_antigen_antigens_immune response [immune, antigen, antigens, immune response, antibodies, cells, antibody, pathogen, lymphocytes, response, infected, adaptive, macrophages, pathogens, naïve, foreign, infected cells, nk, bind, cells cells, differentiate, complement, self, dendritic, cell, memory, innate, effector, plasma, presenting, nk cells, stimulate, cells differentiate, ii, secreted, recognition, embedded, mucosal, activated, mediated, destroy, responses, variable, figure 42, cell surface, class, immunity, inflammatory, induce, secrete] Immune, Antigen, Antigens immune, antigen, antigens, immune response, antibodies, cells, antibody, pathogen, lymphocytes, response
27 206 27_circumstances_frequency_uncertainty_centimeters [circumstances, frequency, uncertainty, centimeters, percent uncertainty, difference, efficiency, oscillation, velocity final, final, acceptance, discuss, final velocity, kelvin temperature, kelvin, capillary tube, coefficient performance, lifetime, temperature kelvin, meant, beat frequency, grams, conditions, relationship, performance, capacitance, smallest, field strength, diameter, doppler shift, happens, beat, heisenberg uncertainty, average, heisenberg, uncertainty principle, molecular formula, energetic, measurement, momentum conserved, units, celsius, percent, reading, temperature, inductance, flow rate, frequencies, terms, doppler] Circumstances, Frequency, Uncertainty circumstances, frequency, uncertainty, centimeters, percent uncertainty, difference, efficiency, oscillation, velocity final, final
28 201 28_td_td rowspan_rowspan_rowspan colspan [td, td rowspan, rowspan, rowspan colspan, colspan, td td, tr, tr td, td tr, tr tr, table, table tr, tr table, 10, table table, aq, mol, 90, 104, 103, 20, 100, 000, kg, table figure, 00, 99, 2e, cl, 15, 80, table 11, 180, 12, atm, 107, 30, hg, br, oh, table 17, 50, kj, 60, 98, co2, 95, 11, 10 10, 32] Td, Td Rowspan, Rowspan td, td rowspan, rowspan, rowspan colspan, colspan, td td, tr, tr td, td tr, tr tr
29 200 29_chromosomes_chromatids_spindle_sister [chromosomes, chromatids, spindle, sister, meiosis, microtubules, mitotic, metaphase, mitosis, telophase, homologous, prophase, anaphase, homologous chromosomes, division, cytokinesis, ii, interphase, poles, daughter, daughter cells, meiosis ii, cell cycle, chromosome, cell, haploid, stage, plate, attached, meiotic, centrosome, microtubule, phase, cell division, replicated, separate, cycle, opposite, proteins, crossover, gametes, nuclear envelope, nuclear, separated, synapsis, divisions, nonsister, cells, envelope, cytoplasmic] Chromosomes, Chromatids, Spindle chromosomes, chromatids, spindle, sister, meiosis, microtubules, mitotic, metaphase, mitosis, telophase
30 195 30_check learning_check_example_example 12 [check learning, check, example, example 12, example 10, example 11, example 14, learning, solution, example 13, calculation, point solution, predicting, example 19, example 15, boiling point, determining, answer, water example, determination, ion, molecular, boiling, formula, order rate, hcl, molar mass, molecular structure, molar, example 17, answer example, contains, example 16, reaction, 14, 12, solute, 15, compound, deriving, iodine, 11, nacl, order, ion concentration, equilibrium concentrations, acid, calculation equilibrium, rate constant, chromium] Check Learning, Check, Example check learning, check, example, example 12, example 10, example 11, example 14, learning, solution, example 13
31 193 31_liquid_surface tension_cohesive_surface [liquid, surface tension, cohesive, surface, adhesive, beverage, colloidal, tension, adhesive forces, cohesive forces, capillary, liquids, molecules, diffusion, tube, droplets, liquid surface, forces, capillary action, water molecules, dissolved carbon, forces molecules, carbon dioxide, contact angle, water, surface area, attracted, dioxide, tendency, bubbles, diffusion rate, capillary tube, drops, cohesive adhesive, glass, explosive, contact, solid, gas, drop, paint, suppressed, forces water, relative strength, smallest possible, containers, concentration gradient, water vapor, contract, process] Liquid, Surface Tension, Cohesive liquid, surface tension, cohesive, surface, adhesive, beverage, colloidal, tension, adhesive forces, cohesive forces
32 191 32_slit_interference_slits_refraction [slit, interference, slits, refraction, diffraction, angle, double slit, light, reflected, incident, wavelength, pattern, grating, index, index refraction, medium, light reflected, constructive, polarized, ray, constructive interference, diffraction grating, destructive, double, diffraction pattern, destructive interference, wavelength light, central maximum, critical angle, incident angle, interference pattern, beam, fringes, light passing, passing, film, spaced, single slit, constructively, integral, reflection, destructively, figure 27, minimum, glass, sin, angle relative, passes, maxima, bright] Slit, Interference, Slits slit, interference, slits, refraction, diffraction, angle, double slit, light, reflected, incident
33 182 33_ecosystem_preserves_ecosystems_habitat [ecosystem, preserves, ecosystems, habitat, species, biodiversity, fisheries, preserve, models, extinction, carp, disturbances, dynamics, ecological, hunting, modeling, endangered species, endangered, loss, management, human, threatened, model, conceptual, economic, humans, simulation, harvested, analytical, restoration, fishing, protection, community, rivers, protected, ecologists, united states, exotic species, habitat loss, keystone, keystone species, populations, united, programs, efforts, trade, protect, country, biologists, issues] Ecosystem, Preserves, Ecosystems ecosystem, preserves, ecosystems, habitat, species, biodiversity, fisheries, preserve, models, extinction
34 180 34_elements_electrons_valence_electron configuration [elements, electrons, valence, electron configuration, configuration, shell, periodic table, periodic, group, electron, number electrons, valence electrons, noble, transition, noble gas, outermost, valence shell, filled, atomic number, elements group, main group, shells, transition elements, atom, inner transition, metals, groups, anion, electron configurations, orbitals, cation, transition metals, elements groups, inner, number, configurations, table elements, electrons atom, subshell, outer shell, atomic, neon, gain, orbital, share electrons, added, representative elements, loses, outer, main] Elements, Electrons, Valence elements, electrons, valence, electron configuration, configuration, shell, periodic table, periodic, group, electron
35 169 35_hormone_pituitary_hormones_lh [hormone, pituitary, hormones, lh, anterior, hypothalamus, gland, thyroid, adrenal, release, stimulates, follicle, produced, testes, endocrine, thyroid gland, production, levels, hormones produced, adrenal cortex, stimulating, posterior, ovaries, glands, gh, releasing, produces, steroid, growth, growth hormone, parathyroid, ovarian, estrogen, released, thyroxine, maturation, tsh, calcitonin, steroid hormones, cortex, medulla, corpus, follicles, menstrual, epinephrine, secretory, endocrine glands, norepinephrine, stimulated, sperm] Hormone, Pituitary, Hormones hormone, pituitary, hormones, lh, anterior, hypothalamus, gland, thyroid, adrenal, release
36 168 36_wavelength_photon_ev_integrated concepts [wavelength, photon, ev, integrated concepts, energy ev, proton, integrated, energy joules, concepts, balmer, lyman, ray, electron, photons, rest, muon, accelerated, mev, calculate, velocity electron, joules, lifetime, momentum, photons second, nucleus, 00, fm, calculate velocity, kinetic energy, having, series, concepts calculate, short lifetime, rest mass, energy, emitted, uncertainty, velocity, kinetic, moving speed, speed light, uncertainty energy, cosmic ray, mhz, laser, hydrogen atom, minimum uncertainty, energy 00, ray tube, photon momentum] Wavelength, Photon, Ev wavelength, photon, ev, integrated concepts, energy ev, proton, integrated, energy joules, concepts, balmer
37 167 37_30_collisions dimension_excitations_18 electric [30, collisions dimension, excitations, 18 electric, 29, 16, 22 magnetic, 22, 20, 27, collisions, limits resolution, dimension, harmonic, 33, 21 dc, 16 11, 25 image, 20 electric, 13, simple harmonic, applications, 11, 19, slit diffraction, nature matter, harmonic motion, image formation, electric, 31, slit, wave nature, circuits, 25, capacitors, 18, diffraction, 11 energy, forced oscillations, formation mirrors, 13 16, 23 faraday, substructure nucleus, 13 humidity, collisions point, onset turbulence, conservation laws, atomic excitations, 13 thermal, probability heisenberg] Collisions Dimension, Excitations, 18 Electric 30, collisions dimension, excitations, 18 electric, 29, 16, 22 magnetic, 22, 20, 27
38 167 38_link learning_link_openstax org_openstax [link learning, link, openstax org, openstax, org, https openstax, https, learning, video, http openstax, http, watch, video https, learning watch, website, visit, animation, interactive, learning view, site, explore, view, learn, watch video, click, simulation, learning video, review, learning use, illustrating, discussing, additional, brief, simulations, national, showing, discovery, perspective, administration, explaining, university, blast, society, action, process, global, batteries, extinctions, https www, obelia] Link Learning, Link, Openstax Org link learning, link, openstax org, openstax, org, https openstax, https, learning, video, http openstax
39 165 39_nobel_prize_nobel prize_physicist [nobel, prize, nobel prize, physicist, american, discovery, german, chemist, chemistry, physics, albert, scientist, ray diffraction, french, james, contributions, franklin, developed, thomson, named, received, english, dutch, rutherford, ray, british, shared, century, pioneering, won, medicine, diffraction, dalton, born, becquerel, einstein, curie, kinetic theory, theory, win, went, model atom, bernoulli, john, christian, 20th century, work, robert, 20th, marie] Nobel, Prize, Nobel Prize nobel, prize, nobel prize, physicist, american, discovery, german, chemist, chemistry, physics
40 161 40_substituting_equation_yields_expression [substituting, equation, yields, expression, known values, gives, discussion, solving, values, solve, substitute, entering, entering known, substituting known, values yields, known, values gives, equation yields, solving equation, equation gives, quadratic, equation form, square root, obtain, solve equation, rearranging, gives discussion, simplifies, cancels, equation solve, value, taking, solution solving, note, yielding, terms, yields discussion, square, velocity, second equation, height, equations, given values, quadratic equation, values equation, fraction, algebraically, relationship, rearrange, given] Substituting, Equation, Yields substituting, equation, yields, expression, known values, gives, discussion, solving, values, solve
41 160 41_hose_nozzle_flow rate_flow [hose, nozzle, flow rate, flow, diameter, dam, artery, pressure, height, radius, assuming, aorta, fluid, tube, water, gauge pressure, manometer, oil, submerged, cm diameter, cm, blood, capillary, rate, glass tube, density, gauge, water pressure, 00 cm, pipe, floats, tube radius, speed, calculate, increasing pressure, reynolds, eardrum, pressure inside, suppose, glass, bernoulli, blood flow, capillaries, air, entrance, freshwater, pressure drop, contact angle, capillary tube, lungs] Hose, Nozzle, Flow Rate hose, nozzle, flow rate, flow, diameter, dam, artery, pressure, height, radius
42 157 42_signaling_receptor_receptors_signal [signaling, receptor, receptors, signal, cell surface, intracellular, camp, ligand, kinase, cell, linked, plasma membrane, membrane, binding, enzyme, domain, activates, binds, hormone, messenger, protein, target, extracellular, plasma, endocrine, hormones, tyrosine, ligands, signals, cyclic, cellular, proteins, amp, activate, cascade, nearby, response, bind, target cell, pathway, kinases, surface, transmit, downstream, activation, activated, gdp, residues, gtp, dimerization] Signaling, Receptor, Receptors signaling, receptor, receptors, signal, cell surface, intracellular, camp, ligand, kinase, cell
43 155 43_bones_joints_figure 38_joint [bones, joints, figure 38, joint, synovial, vertebrae, limb, 38, vertebral, bone, vertebral column, ankle, forearm, skeleton, divides, column, socket, thoracic, limbs, movement, saddle, skull, hinge, wrist, pelvic, pectoral, cartilaginous, upper, consists, ribs, plane, portions, axial, knee, foot, leg, cage, fibrous, gliding, cartilage, hip, lower, shoulder, bones figure, anterior, arm, facial, rib, cervical, categories] Bones, Joints, Figure 38 bones, joints, figure 38, joint, synovial, vertebrae, limb, 38, vertebral, bone
44 155 44_section able_objectives end_learning objectives_end section [section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, section, able, learning, end, able define, able explain, define, able discuss, able calculate, discuss, particle wave, wave duality, duality, law motion, motion, newton, problem solving, energy learning, addition subtraction, solve problems, basic forces, newton law, principle, explain, subtraction, wave, problems, applications, quantum, vector addition, laws motion, graphical, understand, solving, accuracy, accuracy precision, collisions extended, bodies dimensions, extended bodies, newton laws, reflection, able observe, tunneling, wave nature, extended] Section Able, Objectives End, Learning Objectives section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, section, able, learning, end, able define
45 155 45_quarks_quark_leptons_hadrons [quarks, quark, leptons, hadrons, family, baryons, baryon, gluons, particles, strong nuclear, meson, nuclear force, strangeness, strong, carrier particles, flavor, directly observed, muon, electron family, carrier, particle, massless, decay, table 33, assigned, lepton, strange, tau, flavors, strong force, yukawa, particles called, number, spin, 33, fundamental, proposed, observed, feel, neutrino, color, virtual, fundamental particles, nuclear, conserved, weak, theory, electroweak, accelerator, pion] Quarks, Quark, Leptons quarks, quark, leptons, hadrons, family, baryons, baryon, gluons, particles, strong nuclear
46 155 46_colonies_economically_intake_blue [colonies, economically, intake, blue, exist, produce seeds, phylogenies, embryo, birth, focuses, dutch, plants produce, taxa, populations, elm, apple, metamorphosis, discs, air lungs, plants, communities, white, insects, population growth, correctly, trees, vascular plants, crop, disease, countries, produce, conjugate, classification, infected, sexual reproduction, important plant, tend, nitrogen, metabolic energy, reproduction, allows, transmission, undergoes, fungi, blood capillaries, share, hydra, insecticide, body structures, cell produce] Colonies, Economically, Intake colonies, economically, intake, blue, exist, produce seeds, phylogenies, embryo, birth, focuses
47 143 47_million years_years ago_million_ago [million years, years ago, million, ago, period, era, years, cretaceous, dinosaurs, paleozoic, cambrian, extinction, fossils, fossil, devonian, permian, fossil record, record, extinct, mass extinction, ordovician, late, devonian period, triassic, appeared, birds, earliest, early, pterosaurs, extinctions, arose, date, fossilized, ancestors, geological, australia, occurred, terrestrial, 360, marked, gymnosperms, extinction event, mass extinctions, evolution, age, evolved, asteroid, reptiles, mammals, 240] Million Years, Years Ago, Million million years, years ago, million, ago, period, era, years, cretaceous, dinosaurs, paleozoic
48 139 48_figure 28_figure 29_figure 23_28 [figure 28, figure 29, figure 23, 28, figure 24, 29, 23, 24, figure, cycle figure, 26, figure 26, figure 25, life cycle, 25, figure 22, 22, 27, phylogeny, fungal, figure 27, anatomy, gastropods, 17, figure 43, 43, arthropod, dinoflagellates, slime, moss, cycle, budding, fern, 11, 19, life, 36, 15, 25 22, imprint, stages figure, 29 17, 29 24, 24 11, 28 11, 28 22, 24 17, 22 20, 23 26, 29 20] Figure 28, Figure 29, Figure 23 figure 28, figure 29, figure 23, 28, figure 24, 29, 23, 24, figure, cycle figure
49 139 49_heat transfer_heat_transfer_reservoir [heat transfer, heat, transfer, reservoir, entropy, internal energy, engine, cold, cold reservoir, carnot, adiabatic, hot, reversible, law thermodynamics, heat pump, internal, reversible process, thermodynamics, net heat, transfer occurs, surroundings, otto, transfer cold, transfer hot, transfer work, work, heat engine, efficiency, process, cyclical, cyclical process, isothermal, pump, cycle, hot cold, engines, heat flow, processes, heat work, change internal, net, carnot engine, stroke, net work, change entropy, second law, work heat, work output, carnot cycle, irreversible] Heat Transfer, Heat, Transfer heat transfer, heat, transfer, reservoir, entropy, internal energy, engine, cold, cold reservoir, carnot
50 138 50_write_write balanced_balanced_equations [write, write balanced, balanced, equations, following reactions, balance, balanced equation, following, complete, half reaction, chemical equations, reactions, equation reaction, formulas, half reactions, added, balanced chemical, half, condensed, oxidation reduction, net ionic, mol, lewis structures, koh, following pairs, predict, reaction, equation, reduction, compounds following, ionic, chemical, number moles, lewis, oxidation, acid, hf, following compounds, empirical formulas, adding, heated, using, determine number, solution, moles, determine, hcl, carbonate, multiply, addition] Write, Write Balanced, Balanced write, write balanced, balanced, equations, following reactions, balance, balanced equation, following, complete, half reaction
51 137 51_heat transfer_rate heat_heat_transfer [heat transfer, rate heat, heat, transfer, emissivity, transfer occurs, reservoir, engine, transfer radiation, temperature, conduction, temperature increase, performance, rate, heat conduction, coefficient performance, efficiency, cold reservoir, occurs environment, environment, assuming, 00, calculate heat, calculate, specific heat, cold, coefficient, lava, carnot, carnot engine, occurs, increase, heat engine, area, heat transferred, heat pump, surface area, hot, transfer environment, pump, engine heat, radiates, cyclical, transferred, conductivity, window, 00 cm, unreasonable results, surroundings, radiation] Heat Transfer, Rate Heat, Heat heat transfer, rate heat, heat, transfer, emissivity, transfer occurs, reservoir, engine, transfer radiation, temperature
52 136 52_forests_temperate_tropical_forest [forests, temperate, tropical, forest, wet, boreal, biome, biomes, trees, figure 44, annual, habitats, deserts, arctic, dominated, marine, vegetation, 44, precipitation, abiotic, deciduous, primary productivity, grasses, freshwater, net primary, productivity, waters, north, biomass, live, environments, species, south, low, fresh water, summers, primary, terrestrial, growing, northern, diversity, deciduous trees, fresh, desert, flora, shallow, america, richness, areas, food source] Forests, Temperate, Tropical forests, temperate, tropical, forest, wet, boreal, biome, biomes, trees, figure 44
53 136 53_lenses_light_optical_fibers [lenses, light, optical, fibers, fiber, microscope, lens, mirrors, refractive, image, dispersion, beam, tiny, focus, rainbows, refraction, detector, reflected, diffraction, screen, indices, gratings, resolution, reflected light, rays, grating, reflection, refractive indices, focal, scanned, computer, view, images, scattered, bundle, microscopes, wavelengths, aberrations, sample, surfaces, objective, laser, plane, optical systems, objects, microscopy, range, eyes, light pass, diffraction grating] Lenses, Light, Optical lenses, light, optical, fibers, fiber, microscope, lens, mirrors, refractive, image
54 134 54_transcription_mrna_rna_polymerase [transcription, mrna, rna, polymerase, promoter, transcription factors, pre, rna polymerase, initiation, factors, sequence, bind, nucleotides, region, protein, coding, splicing, protein coding, termination, upstream, binds, binding, introns, sequences, polymerase ii, gene, transcription factor, site, dna, dna template, eukaryotic, prokaryotic, template, translation, bind promoter, mrnas, polymerases, processing, transcribed, subunit, eukaryotes, transcriptional, cap, genes, proteins, strand, complex, iii, gene expression, nucleosomes] Transcription, Mrna, Rna transcription, mrna, rna, polymerase, promoter, transcription factors, pre, rna polymerase, initiation, factors
55 131 55_g3p_iii_type type_step [g3p, iii, type type, step, products, high, decay, ii, hg, result, approaches, ultraviolet, producing, solution step, low, approaches infinity, spontaneous nonspontaneous, smelting, decay decay, 41, infant, melt ice, stacks, vertical motion, explain, sudden, debated, type, 2010, rbe, kinetic potential, boil, deaths, heat water, ultraviolet radiation, infinity, examples include, phylogeny, pion, temporal, high frequency, oxygen, kinetic, website, nonspontaneous, note, iv, ice, melt, dissolves] G3P, Iii, Type Type g3p, iii, type type, step, products, high, decay, ii, hg, result
56 130 56_balloon_pressure_relative humidity_humidity [balloon, pressure, relative humidity, humidity, atm, volume, temperature, coffee, vapor density, gas, torr, atmospheric pressure, partial pressure, vapor, partial, raise temperature, raise, remains constant, gauge pressure, atmospheric, temperature pressure, dew point, dew, 00 atm, air, gauge, cylinder, day, volume gas, psi, pressure does, cooker, millimeters mercury, heat, density, helium, temperature water, atm pressure, 00, heat transfer, relative, boiling, temperature constant, contains water, original volume, constant, mercury, water vapor, filled, millimeters] Balloon, Pressure, Relative Humidity balloon, pressure, relative humidity, humidity, atm, volume, temperature, coffee, vapor density, gas
57 129 57_equilibrium constant_equilibrium_happen_concentrations equilibrium [equilibrium constant, equilibrium, happen, concentrations equilibrium, constant reaction, concentration reactant, constant, concentrations, following reactions, reactant product, represented equation, reaction, reaction represented, data appendix, calculate equilibrium, reactant, standard, concentration, given calculate, temperature increased, determine, appendix, ethanol, state conditions, added, constant temperature, reach equilibrium, expression, change following, write, reaction quotient, quotient, standard state, boiling point, rate reaction, free energy, spontaneous nonspontaneous, calculated using, calculate, product, energy change, mixture, reactions, increases rate, boiling, stock, change, temperature, reversible reaction, enthalpy] Equilibrium Constant, Equilibrium, Happen equilibrium constant, equilibrium, happen, concentrations equilibrium, constant reaction, concentration reactant, constant, concentrations, following reactions, reactant product
58 127 58_db_sound_sound intensity_intensity [db, sound, sound intensity, intensity, intensity level, hz, decibels, sounds, loudness, level, frequencies, fundamental frequency, hear, hearing, frequency, meter squared, audible, intense, decibel, squared, watts, open ends, closed end, intensity levels, threshold, ear, air temperature, tube, fundamental, 60, piano, tube closed, resonates, sound level, noise, tone, meter, speed sound, beat, intensity sound, speaker, eardrum, closed, air column, emitting, intensities, tube open, stereo, ear canal, ends] Db, Sound, Sound Intensity db, sound, sound intensity, intensity, intensity level, hz, decibels, sounds, loudness, level
59 126 59_relativistic_observer_relative observer_rest [relativistic, observer, relative observer, rest, relative, relativistic momentum, relativistic kinetic, momentum, relativity, classical, special relativity, rest energy, velocities, frames, velocity relative, kinetic energy, observers, moving relative, rest relative, postulate, proper time, inertial frames, kinetic, photon, inertial, uncertainty, proper, velocity, earth bound, measured, time dilation, dilation, moving, object moving, total energy, special, speed light, uncertainty principle, length contraction, time, energy, twin, planck, bound observer, rest mass, gives, frame, object, reference, substituting] Relativistic, Observer, Relative Observer relativistic, observer, relative observer, rest, relative, relativistic momentum, relativistic kinetic, momentum, relativity, classical
60 124 60_rate law_reaction_rate_reactant [rate law, reaction, rate, reactant, equilibrium, order, reaction rate, integrated rate, order reaction, elementary, rate constant, concentration, reaction quotient, quotient, second order, order reactions, elementary reaction, rates, reactants, step, reaction rates, law, forward, orders, constant, equilibrium constant, concentrations, concentration reactant, integrated, reaction orders, reactants products, product, mechanism, reactions, mathematical, half life, overall, forward reverse, rate laws, reverse, reaction reaction, overall reaction, reverse reaction, rate determining, proceeds, step mechanism, rate reaction, equilibria, equation, reaction equilibrium] Rate Law, Reaction, Rate rate law, reaction, rate, reactant, equilibrium, order, reaction rate, integrated rate, order reaction, elementary
61 124 61_phylogenetic_evolutionary_branch_speciation [phylogenetic, evolutionary, branch, speciation, taxonomic, relationships, isolation, taxonomic classification, species, organisms, phylogenetic tree, tree, reproductive isolation, ancestor, evolution, phylogenetic trees, evolutionary relationships, taxa, taxon, classification, closely related, share, lineage, traits, groups, lineages, scientists, phylogeny, closely, common ancestor, trees, hybrids, individuals, mate, diverge, related, model, monophyletic, organism, evolved, evolve, shared, reproductive, phylogenetic relationships, single, point, related species, clades, similar, new] Phylogenetic, Evolutionary, Branch phylogenetic, evolutionary, branch, speciation, taxonomic, relationships, isolation, taxonomic classification, species, organisms
62 123 62_flatworms_echinoderms_phylum_sea [flatworms, echinoderms, phylum, sea, class, mollusks, phyla, clades, symmetry, annelids, cnidaria, radial, larvae, classes, chordata, stars, animals, symmetrical, free living, sea stars, annelida, include, mollusca, nemertea, arthropods, parasitic, relatives, rotifers, spicules, chordates, possess, bilateral, divided, invertebrates, protostomes, cucumbers, worms, sponges, marine, clade, dollars, brittle, bilateral symmetry, monophyletic, deuterostomes, classified, 28, forms, nematoda, lancelets] Flatworms, Echinoderms, Phylum flatworms, echinoderms, phylum, sea, class, mollusks, phyla, clades, symmetry, annelids
63 122 63_heat_air_liquid_temperature [heat, air, liquid, temperature, convection, vapor, ice, pan, pot, air temperature, heat transfer, water vapor, stove, transfer, gas, gasoline, cold, water, boiling, thermal, evaporation, rises, cooling, room, heat vaporization, condenses, melted, condensation, occurs, hot, hot air, warms, humidity, oil, temperature gas, vaporization, higher temperature, pressure, cools, conduction, absorbing, warm, thermal equilibrium, occurs cold, expands, air rises, temperature drops, remains, chamber, cooled] Heat, Air, Liquid heat, air, liquid, temperature, convection, vapor, ice, pan, pot, air temperature
64 122 64_electrode_anode_cathode_redox [electrode, anode, cathode, redox, half, galvanic, cell, standard, potential, potentials, spontaneous, galvanic cell, battery, silver, electrochemical, immersed, zinc, standard cell, reduction, oxidant, reaction, nitrate, redox reaction, copper, aqueous, oxidation, bridge, standard state, state conditions, half reaction, couple, inert, connected, silver nitrate, spontaneity, salt, reactions, cu, 17, batteries, spontaneous reaction, electrolyte, half reactions, foil, electrolysis, cell potentials, solution, schematic, lead, nonspontaneous] Electrode, Anode, Cathode electrode, anode, cathode, redox, half, galvanic, cell, standard, potential, potentials
65 119 65_bone_osteoblasts_bone tissue_osteoclasts [bone, osteoblasts, bone tissue, osteoclasts, spongy, compact, matrix, ossification, bones, tissue, cartilage, connective, hyaline, connective tissue, collagen, fibers, bony, marrow, callus, fibrous, mineral, collagen fibers, connective tissues, deposition, blood vessels, bone marrow, long, plate, types cells, vessels, fibrous connective, divide, figure 38, aligned, adipose tissue, differentiate, canal, development, secrete, adipose, tissues, ends, 38, cylindrical, shaft, growth, cells, living cells, cells responsible, cells divide] Bone, Osteoblasts, Bone Tissue bone, osteoblasts, bone tissue, osteoclasts, spongy, compact, matrix, ossification, bones, tissue
66 118 66_unreasonable result_unreasonable_result_unreasonable results [unreasonable result, unreasonable, result, unreasonable results, premise, results, inconsistent, image, identify likely, means greater, identify type, speed limit, type em, weakest, exceeding, steps involved, polarizing filters, measured relative, premises, strongest, isothermal, electrical power, compare, answer reasonable, image shows, filters, possibilities, emfs, satellites, reaction rates, mountain, polarizing, paired, relative earth, house, cut, point charge, involved, quantization, hint, assumption, range, identify, em radiation, precise, converting, negative charge, broken, magnification, isolated] Unreasonable Result, Unreasonable, Result unreasonable result, unreasonable, result, unreasonable results, premise, results, inconsistent, image, identify likely, means greater
67 118 67_teeth_feathers_tetrapods_birds [teeth, feathers, tetrapods, birds, reptiles, limbs, jaws, amphibians, wings, fishes, vertebrates, cartilaginous, fins, bones, sharks, mammals, snakes, fish, aquatic, flight, claws, lizards, appendages, skin, lack, skeleton, feeding, tail, land, scales, nails, frogs, secondarily, jaw, bony, bird, paired, modern birds, gills, gill, vertebrate, homologous, modified, turtles, lineages, epidermal, suited, possess, modern, adaptations] Teeth, Feathers, Tetrapods teeth, feathers, tetrapods, birds, reptiles, limbs, jaws, amphibians, wings, fishes
68 118 68_vector_velocity_minus_displacement [vector, velocity, minus, displacement, sign, average velocity, traveled, plus, instantaneous, instantaneous velocity, direction positive, plus sign, direction, minus sign, distance traveled, acceleration, change velocity, coordinate, magnitude, positive, motion, instant, initial velocity, rear, plus minus, distance, average, positions, average speed, inertia, negative, passenger, speed, initial, change position, window, negative acceleration, acceleration direction, final, tail, airplane, interval, observer, object, pointing, right, plane, train, divided, magnitude direction] Vector, Velocity, Minus vector, velocity, minus, displacement, sign, average velocity, traveled, plus, instantaneous, instantaneous velocity
69 118 69_26_28 relativistic_23_28 [26, 28 relativistic, 23, 28, addition velocities, 14, 11, 26 vision, 23 electric, 16 waves, 18 coulomb, 23 emf, 12, electric generators, drag forces, 17, simple machines, 32, 29 photon, relativistic, relativistic energy, 19, null measurements, 20, length contraction, nuclear weapons, coulomb law, motional emf, archimedes principle, internal reflection, aberrations, vision correction, motional, archimedes, null, kirchhoff rules, generators, photon momentum, total internal, 69, equipotential lines, machines, velocities, 16, weapons, bernoulli equation, emf, kirchhoff, conservation, correction] 28 Relativistic, Addition Velocities, 26 Vision 26, 28 relativistic, 23, 28, addition velocities, 14, 11, 26 vision, 23 electric, 16 waves
70 117 70_image_lens_lenses_eye [image, lens, lenses, eye, images, ray tracing, tracing, focus, upright, mirror, objective, mirrors, inverted, virtual, use ray, closer, object, cornea, specimen, retina, microscopes, microscope, telescopes, ray, projected, eyepiece, case, objective lens, image formed, closer lens, focal length, instruments, focal, images formed, real, unaided, rays, objects, magnification, convex, image projected, formed, mirror images, magnifying, powerful, light, brightness, spectacle, lens eyepiece, magnify] Image, Lens, Lenses image, lens, lenses, eye, images, ray tracing, tracing, focus, upright, mirror
71 116 71_lists_table_summarizes_table 11 [lists, table, summarizes, table 11, representative, table 32, table 14, table shows, table 33, values, ppm, substances, table 13, gives, listed table, common substances, table 25, table 20, various, table 15, presents, shows, table 17, listed, relevant, units, conductivities, 13, exercise, 33, 11, table 26, 2011, various substances, tell, 32, values given, table 16, seen table, data, table 21, units used, shown table, indices, atmospheric carbon, semiconductors, 14, compares, referring, table 12] Lists, Table, Summarizes lists, table, summarizes, table 11, representative, table 32, table 14, table shows, table 33, values
72 113 72_rocket_friction_tires_flexible [rocket, friction, tires, flexible, acceleration, weight, nail, exerted, force, displacements, greater, restoring, opposes, car, wheel, tire, static, restoring force, force exerted, torques, marble, force applied, thrust, tension, applied, pivot, opposes motion, ma, chicken, smaller, rider, distributed, motion object, faster, object moving, relatively large, equal opposite, means, angular acceleration, angular, incline, cg, large, unstable, forces, evenly, rubber, burns, parallel, object] Rocket, Friction, Tires rocket, friction, tires, flexible, acceleration, weight, nail, exerted, force, displacements
73 111 73_active site_substrate_enzyme_enzymes [active site, substrate, enzyme, enzymes, substrates, site, active, protein, amino, enzyme substrate, amino acid, bind, shape, proteins, optimal, residues, reactions, protein structure, binding, affinity, function, fit, polypeptides, binds, hydrogen bonds, bonds, conformational, groups, specific, catalyze, polypeptide, chains, molecule binds, conformational change, structure, biological molecules, change shape, large molecules, disulfide, chemical, inhibitors, macromolecules, molecule, transition state, phosphorylation, unique, catalyzes, reaction, catalysts, amino acids] Active Site, Substrate, Enzyme active site, substrate, enzyme, enzymes, substrates, site, active, protein, amino, enzyme substrate
74 111 74_intestine_digestion_stomach_small intestine [intestine, digestion, stomach, small intestine, gastric, juices, digestive, duodenum, food, liver, pancreas, pancreatic, large intestine, enzymes, intestinal, undigested, saliva, absorption, organ, small, acidic, secreted, digested, waste, breaks, phase, enters, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric, secretions, tract, carbohydrates, enzyme, stimulates, juice, secretion, bulk, acids, elimination, secretes, hormone, release, breakdown, glands, nutrient, takes place, waste material, lipids, mucus, border] Intestine, Digestion, Stomach intestine, digestion, stomach, small intestine, gastric, juices, digestive, duodenum, food, liver
75 110 75_subshell_orbitals_subshells_orbital [subshell, orbitals, subshells, orbital, quantum numbers, shell, electrons, quantum, degenerate, number electrons, principal, numbers, exclusion, pauli exclusion, pauli, exclusion principle, shells, maximum, orbitals electrons, occupy, principal quantum, electrons shell, labeled, principle, quantum number, 2n, 1s, orbitals orbitals, filling, lowest, electrons orbitals, fills, number, orbital diagrams, electron, shell atom, letter, orbital orbitals, pairing, molecular orbitals, notation, shell electrons, energy orbitals, set, singly, hold, atom electrons, atom electron, energy level, atom] Subshell, Orbitals, Subshells subshell, orbitals, subshells, orbital, quantum numbers, shell, electrons, quantum, degenerate, number electrons
76 109 76_wire_circuit_ground_wires [wire, circuit, ground, wires, neutral, appliance, live, hot, voltage, volts, current, voltages, battery, shock, earth, output voltage, insulation, resistance, breaker, circuit breaker, leakage, power, fuses, currents, user, hazards, device, devices, output, transformer, figure 23, complete circuit, voltage source, safety, trip, internal resistance, case, exceeds, connected, intact, transformers, source, safe, depleted, batteries, 23, flash, parts world, resistance path, reversing] Wire, Circuit, Ground wire, circuit, ground, wires, neutral, appliance, live, hot, voltage, volts
77 109 77_explain_explain difference_explain relationship_discuss [explain, explain difference, explain relationship, discuss, significance, principle, briefly, difference, explain happens, explain differences, relationship, happens, applies, works, effects, densities, situation, reasons, explosion, methods, applications, bad posture, position displacement, bending light, possible, reason, neutral equilibrium, cline, pumps refrigerators, maximum parsimony, parsimony, radiation detectors, relationship pressure, methods heat, cambrian explosion, various substances, advantageous, choices, theory color, continuity, momentum force, synchrotron, simple circuit, electricity magnetism, superstring theory, difficulties, occurs, equilibrium state, superstring, members group] Explain, Explain Difference, Explain Relationship explain, explain difference, explain relationship, discuss, significance, principle, briefly, difference, explain happens, explain differences
78 107 78_flask_gas_liquid_partial [flask, gas, liquid, partial, molecules, substance, kinetic, effusion, average kinetic, gases, vapor, partial pressure, average, kinetic energy, temperature, container, atoms molecules, speeds, molecules gas, pressures, partial pressures, temperature substance, collisions, pressure, pressure gas, mixture, mixture gases, vapor pressure, gaseous, gas molecules, total pressure, liquid solid, densities, escape, energy molecules, closed container, water vapor, condense, gas mixture, graham, temperature gas, distribution, gas liquid, translational kinetic, higher temperature, atoms, kinetic energies, liquids solids, solids, random] Flask, Gas, Liquid flask, gas, liquid, partial, molecules, substance, kinetic, effusion, average kinetic, gases
79 105 79_glands_microvilli_labia_intestine [glands, microvilli, labia, intestine, epithelial, small intestine, gland, vessels, blood vessels, projections, urinary, bladder, colon, prostate, semen, smooth muscle, penis, cells line, urethra, folds, prostate gland, epithelia, stomach, epithelial cells, urinary bladder, organ, uterus, tissue, vagina, smooth, canals, organs, figure 43, digestive, cuboidal, sphincter, increase surface, mucus, rectum, absorption, pancreas, tract, elongated, male reproductive, respiratory, columnar, large intestine, located, single layer, duodenum] Glands, Microvilli, Labia glands, microvilli, labia, intestine, epithelial, small intestine, gland, vessels, blood vessels, projections
80 105 80_myosin_actin_muscle_filaments [myosin, actin, muscle, filaments, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, skeletal, muscle cells, cardiac, contraction, bridges, cross, muscle contraction, bridge, overlap, discs, muscle tissue, band, shorten, sites, binding, filament, fiber, bands, smooth muscle, binds, tension, atp, smooth, regulatory proteins, appearance, head, attach, binding site, contracts, cylindrical, calcium ions, contractile, sliding, figure 38, heads, entire, composed, line, length, pulled, zone, allowing, regulatory, stroke] Myosin, Actin, Muscle myosin, actin, muscle, filaments, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, skeletal, muscle cells, cardiac, contraction
81 103 81_car_harder_tracks_door [car, harder, tracks, door, grass, cars, wheels, stand, pushing, going, race, stop, floor, banked, curves, faster, mower, push, backward, springs, ball, fans, forward, larger, lawn mower, bowling, slip, sit, accelerating, hinges, things considered, bigger, forces exerted, player, bad, lawn, greater, bouncing, crate, stairs, obviously, terminal velocity, motorcycle, cable, noticed, famous, opens, incline, speeds, flying] Car, Harder, Tracks car, harder, tracks, door, grass, cars, wheels, stand, pushing, going
82 102 82_field_electric field_electric_conductor [field, electric field, electric, conductor, charge, test charge, magnetic, charges, eddy, wire, current, point charge, magnetic field, magnetic force, induced, emf, field lines, eddy currents, magnet, electric potential, test, free charges, charge center, loops, perpendicular, flux, field strength, lines, potential electric, sphere, strength, field shown, field perpendicular, tape, charge distribution, recording, direction, force current, excess charge, page, currents, force, potential, moves, used convert, positive, free, current induced, moving, coil] Field, Electric Field, Electric field, electric field, electric, conductor, charge, test charge, magnetic, charges, eddy, wire
83 102 83_orbitals_orbital_overlap_atomic orbitals [orbitals, orbital, overlap, atomic orbitals, hybrid, bond, hybrid orbitals, molecular orbitals, bonding, antibonding, molecular orbital, valence, bonds, atomic, valence bond, bond theory, electron density, orbitals orbitals, molecular, hybridization, carbon atom, lone, set orbitals, overlap orbitals, hybrid orbital, combining, bond bond, orbitals overlap, atom, axis, form bonds, lone pairs, orbital orbitals, pairs, pairs electrons, theory, end end, arrangement, oriented, bond order, pair, sigma, electrons, formed, valence orbitals, opposite sides, single bond, electron, set, bonds form] Orbitals, Orbital, Overlap orbitals, orbital, overlap, atomic orbitals, hybrid, bond, hybrid orbitals, molecular orbitals, bonding, antibonding
84 101 84_write_following compounds_following_write lewis [write, following compounds, following, write lewis, lewis, lewis structures, central atom, structure following, compounds, following molecules, brønsted lowry, lowry, structures, brønsted, central, following equations, molecules ions, species act, equations, formal charge, se, ionic, symbols, square planar, empirical formulas, ions, molecular structure, geometry molecular, net ionic, atom, lewis symbols, isotopes, formal, reaction following, following pairs, suitable, covalent ionic, following reactions, pair geometry, identify, protons electrons, molecular, geometry, predict, planar, hcl, order increasing, electron pair, iupac, formula compound] Write, Following Compounds, Following write, following compounds, following, write lewis, lewis, lewis structures, central atom, structure following, compounds, following molecules
85 101 85_iron_zinc_corrosion_metal [iron, zinc, corrosion, metal, manufacture, metals, coating, aluminum, tin, ores, magnesium, oxide, production, dyes, chemical reduction, protection, compounds, steel, electrolysis, extraction, important, industries, industry, refining, isolation, alloys, bioremediation, metal ions, silicon, widely used, chemicals, ore, reduction, widely, synthetic, chemical, zirconium, film, reactivity, smelting, grinding, chromium, copper, cellulose, metals oxides, coatings, cans, silicate, protective, metallic] Iron, Zinc, Corrosion iron, zinc, corrosion, metal, manufacture, metals, coating, aluminum, tin, ores
86 101 86_color_color vision_colors_cones [color, color vision, colors, cones, vision, eye, white, theory color, light, sunglasses, uv, edges, dark, perceive, wavelengths, mirror, eyes, illuminated, various combinations, sunlight, reflective, sensitive, brighter, exposed, white light, black, various, types, bright, sense, yellow, contrast, visible, low light, cone, image, color object, combinations, peripheral, visible light, responding, grey, discern, blindness, coatings, colored, pure wavelength, lighting, look, films] Color, Color Vision, Colors color, color vision, colors, cones, vision, eye, white, theory color, light, sunglasses
87 100 87_lab_double fertilization_sketch_planets [lab, double fertilization, sketch, planets, optics, covered, favorite, prisms, phenomenon, called, sketch situation, rescue, cline, myriad, beginning end, group element, extraordinarily, different shapes, phrase, line spectrum, primordial, reverse osmosis, result, rainbows, integument, eagle, ruffini endings, assessment, ruffini, begun, use term, original volume, entered, brick, situation, incredible, let examine, fighting, kevlar, reverse, free electrons, nk cells, age, fertilization, visible wavelengths, opposes motion, implied, trade, geometric optics, did] Lab, Double Fertilization, Sketch lab, double fertilization, sketch, planets, optics, covered, favorite, prisms, phenomenon, called
88 100 88_active transport_gradient_transport_sodium potassium [active transport, gradient, transport, sodium potassium, potassium, active, ions, concentration gradient, membrane, sodium, pump, inside cell, cell, electrochemical, gradients, outside cell, facilitated, concentration, diffusion, resting, primary active, negatively charged, outside, pumps, negatively, channels, cell membrane, membrane potential, inside, permeable, concentrations, ions cell, interior, membranes, secondary, atp, sodium ions, extracellular, facilitated transport, extracellular fluid, carries, electrical, diffuse, living cells, drives, imbalance, concentrations ions, charged, coulomb force, plasma] Active Transport, Gradient, Transport active transport, gradient, transport, sodium potassium, potassium, active, ions, concentration gradient, membrane, sodium
89 100 89_discuss_consistent_reasonable_comment [discuss, consistent, reasonable, comment, answer, hypothesis, test, circumstances, does, practical, answers, answer reasonable, considering, imply, significant, implies, consistent fact, chicken, compares, surprising, compare, observe, effective, implications, obtained, ordinary, assumption, based, variations, value, difference, caused, minimum energy, dip, testing hypothesis, stated, dose, blood pressures, original population, experience, states total, relatively stable, callus, charge does, using different, dead cells, electron does, effect, uranium, close zero] Discuss, Consistent, Reasonable discuss, consistent, reasonable, comment, answer, hypothesis, test, circumstances, does, practical
90 99 90_si unit_si_unit_units [si unit, si, unit, units, joule, meter, kilogram, volts, joules, ampere, coulomb, si units, newtons, abbreviated, unit volume, metric, common use, coulombs, defined, second, henry, energy joules, radians, newton, pascal, volt, units pressure, named, international, alessandro, capacitance, watts, meters, devised, symbols, viscosity, work energy, kg, expressed, heat work, prefix, hertz, volume, energy unit, rad, magnetic flux, density, static electricity, employed, common] Si Unit, Si, Unit si unit, si, unit, units, joule, meter, kilogram, volts, joules, ampere
91 97 91_dissipated_power dissipated_power_00 [dissipated, power dissipated, power, 00, power supplied, average power, current, voltage, switch, dissipated resistor, supplied, 00 cm, output, calculate power, output source, resonant frequency, resistor, time constant, graph, current voltage, resonant, resistance, resistors, cm, charging, load, calculate resistance, versus time, mv, circuit, capacitor, input, moved, calculate, battery, distance center, lamp, frequency, ac voltage, time, flows, rms, motor, current flows, coil, voltage applied, emf, draw, versus, currents] Dissipated, Power Dissipated, Power dissipated, power dissipated, power, 00, power supplied, average power, current, voltage, switch, dissipated resistor
92 96 92_figure figure_11 figure_figure_18 figure [figure figure, 11 figure, figure, 18 figure, 19 figure, 13 figure, 32 figure, 31 figure, 25 figure, 15 figure, 28 figure, 10 figure, table 15, figure 11, figure 18, figure 21, 21, consult, figure 20, 26 figure, 27 figure, 20 13, 12 figure, example figure, 16 figure, 18, hockey, figure 12, figure 17, figure 19, 15, table 14, 19, 11, figure 28, 31, figure 15, 20, figure 25, table, 22 34, figure 10, 37 figure, 100 bills, 13, 25, 20 figure, ice hockey, 19 20, catches] Figure Figure, 11 Figure, Figure figure figure, 11 figure, figure, 18 figure, 19 figure, 13 figure, 32 figure, 31 figure, 25 figure, 15 figure
93 96 93____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
94 96 94_24 figure_figure 20_23 figure_12 figure [24 figure, figure 20, 23 figure, 12 figure, figure, figure 30, figure 29, 16 figure, 22 figure, figure 34, 11 figure, figure 22, 24, refer figure, 22, figure 28, 25 figure, 19 figure, figure 25, figure 21, 20, 34, 28, 29, 23, 30, 25, figure 24, 21, 33 figure, refer, 14 figure, 10 figure, 13 figure, 34 13, 27 figure, 30 figure, 38 figure, 20 figure, 32 figure, 31 figure, 28 figure, 21 figure, 17, figure 23, 26, figure 26, 11, 19, 36] 24 Figure, Figure 20, 23 Figure 24 figure, figure 20, 23 figure, 12 figure, figure, figure 30, figure 29, 16 figure, 22 figure, figure 34
95 96 95_mendel_alleles_traits_trait [mendel, alleles, traits, trait, inheritance, crosses, recessive, offspring, dominant, probability, cross, generation, linkage, genotypes, genetics, independent assortment, assortment, gene, dominance, phenotype, genes, characteristic, heterozygote, independent, pea plants, homozygous, equally, product rule, phenotypic, pea, paired, allele, ratios, individual, experiments, inherited, incomplete dominance, parents, pattern, ti, characteristics, rule, proportions, flower color, probabilities, phenotypes, factors, independently, parental, lethal] Mendel, Alleles, Traits mendel, alleles, traits, trait, inheritance, crosses, recessive, offspring, dominant, probability
96 93 96_hemoglobin_bicarbonate_carbonic_carbon dioxide [hemoglobin, bicarbonate, carbonic, carbon dioxide, blood, oxygen, dioxide, carbonic acid, ph, transported, bicarbonate ion, carbon, red blood, lungs, red, buffer, dissociates, blood cells, hydrogen ions, poisoning, oxygen molecules, binding, body, tissues, dioxide produced, binds, carbon monoxide, saline, monoxide, isotonic, pressure oxygen, body fluids, iron, expelled, ions, oxygen carbon, acid, exhalation, transport, blood oxygen, excess, exchange, oxygen transport, fluids, affinity, carried, altitudes, molecules oxygen, concentration blood, ion] Hemoglobin, Bicarbonate, Carbonic hemoglobin, bicarbonate, carbonic, carbon dioxide, blood, oxygen, dioxide, carbonic acid, ph, transported
97 93 97_adenine_nucleotide_nitrogenous_ribose [adenine, nucleotide, nitrogenous, ribose, carbon sugar, phosphate, sugar, helix, purine, base, double helix, phosphate group, base pairs, double, nitrogenous bases, ring, phosphodiester, bases, purines, pairs, membered, dna, hydroxyl, dna double, hydroxyl group, nucleotides, hydrogen bonds, strands, group, complementary, rna, backbone, group carbon, pairing, structure, phosphodiester bonds, oh, hydrogen bonding, bonds, dna molecule, turn, helical, strand, carbon, hydrogen, wound, replaced, single, figure 31, pair] Adenine, Nucleotide, Nitrogenous adenine, nucleotide, nitrogenous, ribose, carbon sugar, phosphate, sugar, helix, purine, base
98 93 98_carbonyl_carbon_carbonyl group_carbon atoms [carbonyl, carbon, carbonyl group, carbon atoms, carbon atom, bonded, group, atom, oxygen atom, hydrogen atoms, attached carbon, functional group, attached, oh, carbon hydrogen, hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon, atom bonded, atoms, chain, aldehyde, organic compound, functional, hydrogen, aromatic, bond, double bond, double, group carbon, hydrogen atom, alcohols, alcohol, bonds, double bonds, organic, ring, cis, hydroxyl, carbon carbon, bonds carbon, molecule, atom attached, propane, carbons, replaced, isomers, hydroxyl group, groups, nitrogen atom, oxygen] Carbonyl, Carbon, Carbonyl Group carbonyl, carbon, carbonyl group, carbon atoms, carbon atom, bonded, group, atom, oxygen atom, hydrogen atoms
99 93 99_illustrated figure_illustrated_figure 33_figure [illustrated figure, illustrated, figure 33, figure, summarized, summarized table, 33, examples, shown figure, shown, 16 12, structures figure, scenarios, figure 14, enthalpy entropy, 19, entropy changes, provided, shown table, 10 11, figure 20, table, figure 19, 14, figure 11, 11, summary, photograph, figure 21, given table, text, figure 24, 21, figure 10, representation, situation, figure 29, figure 39, figure 16, figure 46, microscopes, figure 25, 16, conservative, details, 27, figure 45, indicated, 33 10, 21 28] Illustrated Figure, Illustrated, Figure 33 illustrated figure, illustrated, figure 33, figure, summarized, summarized table, 33, examples, shown figure, shown
100 93 100_wikimedia commons_wikimedia_commons_credit [wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, credit, modification work, modification, flickr, credit modification, work, flickr credit, commons credit, images, work nasa, department, http, left modification, nasa, credit left, gemstone, department energy, microscopes, parts, linda, kiwi, root growth, photo, alessandro, library, strawberry, www, tower, san, elements, billion, photo modification, navy, diamonds, phone, health, cory zanker, zanker, cory, copper, galileo, electromagnetic, scan, poh, institute, public, guide] Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia, Commons wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, credit, modification work, modification, flickr, credit modification, work, flickr credit
101 92 101_osmosis_concentration_semipermeable_semipermeable membrane [osmosis, concentration, semipermeable, semipermeable membrane, high concentration, membrane, osmotic pressure, solute, low concentration, permeable, osmotic, isotonic, solutes, concentrated, water, tonicity, diffusion, solution, water moves, dialysis, diffuse, extracellular fluid, solvent, solute concentration, concentration gradient, low, salt, extracellular, semi, cell, high, fluid, region, concentration water, movement water, water potential, lower concentration, water concentration, pure water, lower, moves, gradient, surrounding, transport, higher, pure, reverse, decline, sides, area] Osmosis, Concentration, Semipermeable osmosis, concentration, semipermeable, semipermeable membrane, high concentration, membrane, osmotic pressure, solute, low concentration, permeable
102 92 102_reactions_reactants_reaction_equilibrium [reactions, reactants, reaction, equilibrium, chemical, acid base, equilibria, reactant, product, equilibrium systems, chemical equilibria, stoichiometric, module, amounts, electrolysis, chapter, involving, forward reverse, transition state, stoichiometry, concentrations, properties, base, reverse, products, reactant product, state, processes, activation, address, stoichiometric amounts, forward, economy, chemical reactions, activation energy, solvent, high heat, reverse reactions, volumes, parameters, chemical processes, gravimetric, titration, inherently, stresses, concentrations reactants, rates, precipitation, order reactions, chemical reaction] Reactions, Reactants, Reaction reactions, reactants, reaction, equilibrium, chemical, acid base, equilibria, reactant, product, equilibrium systems
103 92 103_angle_polarizing_light_incident [angle, polarizing, light, incident, refraction, polarizing filter, index refraction, index, filter, polarized, crown, critical angle, incident angle, white light, polarized light, light incident, polarizing filters, intensity, ray, glass, traveling, perpendicular surface, critical, reflected, reflection, illuminated, passing, filters, axes, white, soap bubble, unpolarized, air, angle angle, medium, perpendicular, beam light, polystyrene, central maximum, refracted, goes, minimum, internal reflection, diamond, travels, surface, polarization, violet, beam, total internal] Angle, Polarizing, Light angle, polarizing, light, incident, refraction, polarizing filter, index refraction, index, filter, polarized
104 92 104_strand_dna_replication_synthesized [strand, dna, replication, synthesized, nucleotides, template, fork, dna polymerase, dna strand, strands, polymerase, rna, helix, repair, double helix, enzyme, complementary, phosphodiester, stranded, fragments, dna replication, primase, stranded dna, newly, single stranded, replaced, parental, mutation, nucleotide, fragment, double, mismatch repair, synthesizes, helicase, template strand, binding proteins, base, mismatch, ends, dna double, continuously, leading, cut, purine, short, single, origin, enzymes, phosphodiester bonds, extended] Strand, Dna, Replication strand, dna, replication, synthesized, nucleotides, template, fork, dna polymerase, dna strand, strands
105 90 105_chloride_solid_aqueous_decomposes [chloride, solid, aqueous, decomposes, sodium, nitric, iodine, oxide, diatomic, magnesium hydroxide, sodium chloride, magnesium, hydroxide, reacts, prepared, heated, nitric acid, warmed, nitrogen, elevated, ethylene, oxygen gas, react, xenon, gas, methanol, hydrochloric, hydrochloric acid, mercury ii, carbon tetrachloride, calcium, acid, potassium, concentrated, water vapor, ii oxide, decomposition, chlorine, tetrachloride, temperatures, dioxide, nitrogen oxygen, commercially, nitric oxide, dinitrogen, vapor, yield, aqueous solutions, mercury, hydrogen] Chloride, Solid, Aqueous chloride, solid, aqueous, decomposes, sodium, nitric, iodine, oxide, diatomic, magnesium hydroxide
106 90 106_hybridization_geometry_geometry molecular_draw [hybridization, geometry, geometry molecular, draw, molecular structure, electron pair, predict, hybridization carbon, molecule, pair geometry, lewis structure, structure, atom, molecular, structure molecule, draw lewis, bond, lewis, nitrogen, pair, central, nitrogen atom, central atom, carbon atom, molecule ion, following molecules, atoms, bond order, carbon atoms, geometries, following, oxygen nitrogen, skeleton, nitrogen atoms, molecule molecule, structural formula, identify, molecular geometry, determine, carbon, exercise, assign, shapes, electron, sketch, bonds, ion, formal, vsepr, formal charge] Hybridization, Geometry, Geometry Molecular hybridization, geometry, geometry molecular, draw, molecular structure, electron pair, predict, hybridization carbon, molecule, pair geometry
107 89 107_intermediate filaments_microfilaments_estrogen_microtubules [intermediate filaments, microfilaments, estrogen, microtubules, filaments, golgi, golgi apparatus, photosystem, mitochondria, intermediate, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, chloroplast, reticulum, thinking questions, vitamin, flagella, cellulose, mitochondrion, apparatus, critical thinking, fermentation, cytochrome, thinking, suppressor gene, glycogen, chlorophyll, oncogene, tsh, ribosomes, stroma, atp synthase, synthase, 13, tumor suppressor, suppressor, atp, anabolic, glucagon, vacuole, critical, catabolic, cytoskeleton, gated, questions, phagocytosis, norepinephrine, junctions, anti, lh] Intermediate Filaments, Microfilaments, Estrogen intermediate filaments, microfilaments, estrogen, microtubules, filaments, golgi, golgi apparatus, photosystem, mitochondria, intermediate
108 88 108_prokaryotes_heterotrophs_vents_obtain energy [prokaryotes, heterotrophs, vents, obtain energy, cyanobacteria, organic compounds, organic, obtain, bacteria, organisms, carbon, anaerobic, billion years, photosynthesis, compounds, carbon dioxide, energy source, billion, inorganic, energy sunlight, dioxide, sunlight, atmosphere, archaea, chemical compounds, extreme, microbial, ecosystems, dioxide atmosphere, photosynthetic, heterotrophic, producers, consumers, source, survive, carbon nitrogen, respiration, energy chemical, environments, hydrogen sulfide, bacteria archaea, capable, life earth, grow, fungi, play, oxygen, molecules energy, release carbon, extreme conditions] Prokaryotes, Heterotrophs, Vents prokaryotes, heterotrophs, vents, obtain energy, cyanobacteria, organic compounds, organic, obtain, bacteria, organisms
109 87 109_does_agree_shielding_match [does, agree, shielding, match, long does, enable, wings, make, happen, flight, large large, inhabiting, charge does, cleared, study chemistry, reasonable, mobility, bank, nest, weightlessness, stacks, reception, citrate, energy flow, catch, wonder, surprise, dollars, trillion, does make, corrected, did, opposition, make sense, pyramid, glasses, play role, friend, flexibility, aberrations, recovered, answer, help, answer reasonable, principal quantum, keeping, burned, sink, safe, mouse] Does, Agree, Shielding does, agree, shielding, match, long does, enable, wings, make, happen, flight
110 87 110_following statements_statements_false_following [following statements, statements, false, following, true, doctor, figure, figure 41, figure 42, 41, nitrogen cycle, solution figure, saline, isotonic, feedback loop, life cycle, summarizes, figure 34, cycle, patient, figure 24, 16, figure 28, regarding, 34, 42, anatomy, correct, figure 39, figure 40, figure 36, figure 12, schematic, 12, 28, figure 25, 17, figure 43, 21, figure 44, labeled, feedback, 24, loop, figure 35, figure 38, function, zygote form, 33 11, 32 20] Following Statements, Statements, False following statements, statements, false, following, true, doctor, figure, figure 41, figure 42, 41
111 86 111_males_females_care_mate [males, females, care, mate, offspring, parental care, parental, mating, mates, male, selection, sex, reproductive, resource, fecundity, bigger, selected, survival, depleted, female, compete, sexual, reproduce, success, choose, sexual selection, partners, elaborate, expense, alpha, chances, father, variability, fitness, traits, animal, care offspring, resources, better able, chance, hare, usually, select, ensure, hypothesis, individuals, orange, species, better, likely] Males, Females, Care males, females, care, mate, offspring, parental care, parental, mating, mates, male
112 85 112_ribosome_mrna_amino_trnas [ribosome, mrna, amino, trnas, amino acid, polypeptide, polypeptide chain, site, translation, peptide, chain, ribosomes, amino acids, mrna template, peptide bond, protein, code, genetic code, bond formation, ribosomal, protein synthesis, specify, template, nucleotide, assembly, acids, acid, synthesis, binding, rna, growing, initiator, peptide bonds, translated, sequence, pairing, elongation, base pairing, recognizes, correct, complementary, synthesizing, charged, degenerate, start, mrnas, termination, genetic, stop, formation] Ribosome, Mrna, Amino ribosome, mrna, amino, trnas, amino acid, polypeptide, polypeptide chain, site, translation, peptide
113 85 113_lone_trigonal_lone pairs_geometry [lone, trigonal, lone pairs, geometry, electron pair, pair, pairs, pair geometry, trigonal planar, planar, bonds, central atom, lone pair, vsepr, molecular structure, bond, atom, vsepr theory, single bonds, trigonal bipyramidal, regions, bipyramidal, central, lewis structure, electron density, regions electron, electron, structure, bond angles, tetrahedral, lewis, pair geometries, pairs electrons, molecule, hybridization, bonds lone, equatorial, multiple bonds, electrons, opposite sides, repulsion, bonding, positions, molecular, octahedral, hybrid, formal charges, hydrogen atoms, angles, geometries] Lone, Trigonal, Lone Pairs lone, trigonal, lone pairs, geometry, electron pair, pair, pairs, pair geometry, trigonal planar, planar
114 84 114_climate_climate change_global_global climate [climate, climate change, global, global climate, weather, warming, global warming, countries, atmospheric, fossil, renewable, atmospheric carbon, change, economic, fossil fuels, fuels, industrial, atmosphere, levels, energy consumption, human, industrial revolution, emissions, consumption, greenhouse, carbon dioxide, energy resources, resources, agreement, dioxide, sea, energy use, study, altering, protect, sources, meet, lives, revolution, impact, decades, worldwide, paris, significantly, production, future, carbon, needs, years, glaciers] Climate, Climate Change, Global climate, climate change, global, global climate, weather, warming, global warming, countries, atmospheric, fossil
115 84 115_metal_oxidizing agent_oxidizing_oxidize [metal, oxidizing agent, oxidizing, oxidize, oxides, nitrates, metals, oxidation, hydrazine, agent, halogen, nitric, soluble, acid, oxidizes, react, heating, possible produce, oxide, dilute, reduction, hydrogen, aqueous, solutions, ammonia, chlorine, phosphoric, phosphoric acid, soluble water, nitric acid, silicon, oxidized, chloride, silver, possible, iodide, reaction, oxygen, copper, hydrate, reaction acid, nitrogen, ammonium, reactions, dichromate, oxygen nitrogen, alkali, sulfide, strong oxidizing, reduce] Metal, Oxidizing Agent, Oxidizing metal, oxidizing agent, oxidizing, oxidize, oxides, nitrates, metals, oxidation, hydrazine, agent
116 83 116_grating_nm_diffraction grating_diffraction [grating, nm, diffraction grating, diffraction, maximum, angle, minimum, centimeter, light falling, slit, order, single slit, double slits, wavelength, slits, second order, falling, width, wavelength light, visible light, light, visible, spacing, lines, double, maximum angle, 380, separated, produces, smallest, maxima, planes, yellow light, separation, observable, second, angle angle, double slit, single, telescope, balmer, fringes, wavelengths, 600, diffraction pattern, unreasonable results, falls, line, pattern, minima] Grating, Nm, Diffraction Grating grating, nm, diffraction grating, diffraction, maximum, angle, minimum, centimeter, light falling, slit
117 82 117_elements_periodic_bonds_periodic table [elements, periodic, bonds, periodic table, properties, covalent, valence shells, chemistry, properties elements, metals, compounds, discovered, covalent bonds, behavior, differences, organic chemistry, metallic, different properties, ionic, transition metals, chemical behavior, elements groups, atoms elements, chemical, ionic covalent, valence, aware, shells, manganese, naming, table, transition, monomers, exceptions, discoveries, compound, accepted, spheres, bonding, predict, distinguish, molecules, electron configuration, element, atoms, symbols, behaviors, nonmetals, aspects, later] Elements, Periodic, Bonds elements, periodic, bonds, periodic table, properties, covalent, valence shells, chemistry, properties elements, metals
118 82 118_rate laws_provided_solution_equilibrium [rate laws, provided, solution, equilibrium, calculations, reactants, chemical, equilibria, free energy, molar, concentrations, concentration, section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, computed, integrated rate, chemical equilibria, derive, balanced chemical, concentrations reactants, section, rate, learning, reactant, molarity, stoichiometry, balanced, chemical equation, reactions, chemical reaction, reaction, activation energy, laws, able, free, reaction rates, activation, mass compound, equilibrium calculations, moles, spontaneity, dilution, equilibrium constants, solution calculate, answer, reaction stoichiometry, compound] Rate Laws, Provided, Equilibrium rate laws, provided, solution, equilibrium, calculations, reactants, chemical, equilibria, free energy, molar
119 82 119_cell wall_wall_gram_peptidoglycan [cell wall, wall, gram, peptidoglycan, chloroplasts, bacteria, membrane, cell walls, membrane bound, prokaryotic cells, ribosomes, plant cells, walls, prokaryotic, cell, plastids, polysaccharide, prokaryotes, cell membrane, surrounded, organelles, membranes, cells eukaryotic, eukaryotic cells, mitochondria, bound, nucleus, eukaryotic, eukaryotes, cells, vacuole, bacterial, cytoplasm, cells plant, central vacuole, fungal, plasma membrane, outer, polysaccharides, plasma, plant, vacuoles, negative, capsule, positive, bound nucleus, green alga, capsules, single celled, enclosed] Cell Wall, Wall, Gram cell wall, wall, gram, peptidoglycan, chloroplasts, bacteria, membrane, cell walls, membrane bound, prokaryotic cells
120 81 120_half life_half_uranium_decays [half life, half, uranium, decays, 99, life, 131, 238, bq, decay, technetium, years, activity, billion years, isotope, iodine 131, 235, carbon 14, cobalt 60, tc, billion, 239, days, undergoes, tc 99, half lives, bombardment, cobalt, radioactive, curies, radioactivity, nuclide, figure 21, thallium, sample, nuclear reactions, 24, 87, 60, lives, 21, radon, iodine, balanced equation, 99m, 21 10, used medicine, produced decay, write balanced, nuclear] Half Life, Half, Uranium half life, half, uranium, decays, 99, life, 131, 238, bq, decay
121 80 121_field_magnetic field_magnetic_coil [field, magnetic field, magnetic, coil, cm, perpendicular, turn, unreasonable results, hall, wire, cm diameter, 00, mri, carrying, maximum torque, 500, diameter, perpendicular magnetic, unreasonable, uniform magnetic, loop, emf, induced, integrated concepts, 10 cm, average emf, emf induced, 50, integrated, 200, bolt, current, concepts, earth magnetic, 250, uniform, radius, carries, lightning, earth, field strength, rotated, torque, voltage, results, sphere, circular, plane, field applied, experiences] Field, Magnetic Field, Magnetic field, magnetic field, magnetic, coil, cm, perpendicular, turn, unreasonable results, hall, wire
122 80 122_inductance_concrete_wet concrete_resistance [inductance, concrete, wet concrete, resistance, knowns, self inductance, played, average acceleration, total resistance, photon momentum, relative velocity, calculate, list, time constant, wet, energy released, magnification, calculate resistance, surface point, current time, acceleration net, effective resistance, momentum photon, constant time, peak emf, resonance, self, calculate percent, acceleration deceleration, near surface, calculate volume, resistance resistance, unlike charges, pressure difference, resistance current, force causes, percent uncertainty, calculate power, parallel plate, problem, calculate mass, duration, like charges, view, strangeness, deflection, resonant frequency, calculate energy, photon, work output] Inductance, Concrete, Wet Concrete inductance, concrete, wet concrete, resistance, knowns, self inductance, played, average acceleration, total resistance, photon momentum
123 80 123_cell cycle_cyclin_p53_cycle [cell cycle, cyclin, p53, cycle, proto, mutated, rb, regulators, kinase, cell, checkpoint, protein, regulatory, tumor, apoptosis, tumor suppressor, checkpoints, suppressor, activated, fully, growth factor, mutation, regulator, halt, proteins, transcription factor, cancerous, genes, kinases, phosphorylation, gene, factor, figure 10, complexes, trigger, 10 16, ras, regulate cell, positive, advance, fluctuate, negative, transcription, repair, enter, encodes, levels, bind, post translational, codes] Cell Cycle, Cyclin, P53 cell cycle, cyclin, p53, cycle, proto, mutated, rb, regulators, kinase, cell
124 79 124_galaxy_galaxies_milky way_light years [galaxy, galaxies, milky way, light years, milky, way galaxy, sun, luminous, stars, away, mass times, ly, year, andromeda, average mass, star, times, supernova, distance light, distance, radio, years, light travels, way, approximate, receding, neglecting, average, center, light, mass sun, dark matter, round trip, mass, 10 times, orbit, earth, circular orbit, matter, telescope, farther away, universe, dark, square meter, moon, nearest, farther, approximately, distances, black hole] Galaxy, Galaxies, Milky Way galaxy, galaxies, milky way, light years, milky, way galaxy, sun, luminous, stars, away
125 78 125_angiosperms_gymnosperms_ferns_vascular plants [angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, vascular plants, seedless, mosses, plants, vascular, liverworts, charophytes, bryophytes, seed plants, conifers, club mosses, flowering plants, horsetails, monocots, flowering, club, phylum, basal, appeared, monophyletic, lilies, seed, group, eudicots, land plants, include, grasses, land, charales, primitive, plants produce, seeds, hornworts, angiosperm, modern day, lifecycle, class, dicots, sister, modern, naked, true, ancestors, dominant, groups, 26 gymnosperms, 26] Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Ferns angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, vascular plants, seedless, mosses, plants, vascular, liverworts, charophytes
126 78 126____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
127 78 127_dipole_attractive forces_attraction_dipole dipole [dipole, attractive forces, attraction, dipole dipole, polar, attractive, molecules, ionic, forces, ionic compounds, attractions, der waals, waals, van der, der, bonds, polar molecules, dispersion forces, compounds, atoms, dispersion, forces molecules, covalent, hydrogen bonds, intermolecular, hydrogen oxygen, van, hydrogen, molecules different, forces hold, chemically, polarity, electrostatic, molecules form, ions, bond, nitrogen oxygen, diatomic molecules, properties, adhesive forces, elements, covalent bonds, polyatomic, composed, bonded, adhesive, formulas, bonding, uncombined, water molecules] Dipole, Attractive Forces, Attraction dipole, attractive forces, attraction, dipole dipole, polar, attractive, molecules, ionic, forces, ionic compounds
128 78 128_tissue_vascular_root_phloem [tissue, vascular, root, phloem, stem, vascular tissue, ground tissue, xylem, meristem, leaf, plant, dermal, xylem phloem, cork, lateral, apical, parenchyma, roots, tip, growth, zone, ground, secondary, pith, sieve, shoot, cell division, layer cells, cells, epidermis, layer, bundle, stems, tissue xylem, tracheids, sieve tube, division, apical meristem, covering, companion, permanent, elongation, phloem cells, dividing, consists, outermost, bud, vessel elements, petiole, monocots] Tissue, Vascular, Root tissue, vascular, root, phloem, stem, vascular tissue, ground tissue, xylem, meristem, leaf
129 78 129_virus_viral_capsid_viruses [virus, viral, capsid, viruses, genome, host, enveloped, envelope, host cell, virions, host cells, stranded, rna, influenza, reverse transcriptase, transcriptase, genomes, icosahedral, stranded dna, viral genome, double stranded, nucleic acid, core, hiv, replication, dna, cell, proteins, naked, attach, helical, dna rna, nucleic, single stranded, glycoproteins, reverse, polarity, mrna, replicate, vi, fuses, group, incorporated, intermediates, inhibitors, new virions, prion, vii, plasma membrane, host genome] Virus, Viral, Capsid virus, viral, capsid, viruses, genome, host, enveloped, envelope, host cell, virions
130 78 130_flow_fluid_laminar_turbulent [flow, fluid, laminar, turbulent, bernoulli, pressure, tube, viscous, flow rate, fluids, pascal principle, pressure drop, laminar flow, pascal, shearing, flows, principle, fluid flow, bernoulli principle, shearing forces, bernoulli equation, incompressible, volume, oscillate, unit volume, incompressible fluid, volume fluid, turbulence, narrower, enclosed, smooth, drop, stops, flow laminar, poiseuille law, poiseuille, dialysis, object, weight fluid, forces molecules, semipermeable, reverse, viscosity, osmotic, mix, pressure pressure, rate, forces, drain, applications bernoulli] Flow, Fluid, Laminar flow, fluid, laminar, turbulent, bernoulli, pressure, tube, viscous, flow rate, fluids
131 78 131_immune_immune response_response_pathogens [immune, immune response, response, pathogens, mucosal, innate, pathogen, antigens, foreign, infection, harmless, adaptive, tolerance, host, immunity, self, memory, responses, antibodies, unnecessary, host cells, cells, autoimmune, systemic, immune responses, infected, nk, delayed, mediated, prevent, nk cells, humoral, destruction, factors, immediate, harmful, efficient, cells molecules, defense, cleared, deposited, proliferate, immune systems, specific, antibody, surfaces, host cell, invading, progression, infections] Immune, Immune Response, Response immune, immune response, response, pathogens, mucosal, innate, pathogen, antigens, foreign, infection
132 77 132_ocean_zone_runoff_figure 44 [ocean, zone, runoff, figure 44, freshwater, 44, lake, ecosystems, lakes, deep, dead, sink, waters, depths, oceanic, realm, zones, oceans, abiotic, fertilizer, extends, penetrate, nutrients, oxygen, die, bay, environments, fall, areas, dissolved, excess, depth, floor, marine, open, aquatic, water, 650, categorized, low, algae, coastal, microorganisms, nutrient, permanently, shallow, currents, shelf, spring, western] Ocean, Zone, Runoff ocean, zone, runoff, figure 44, freshwater, 44, lake, ecosystems, lakes, deep
133 76 133_22 22_22__ [22 22, 22, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 22 22 22 22, 22, , , , , , , ,
134 75 134_steam_heat_coal_heat pumps [steam, heat, coal, heat pumps, heat transfer, turbine, electricity, outdoor, natural gas, burning, transfer, conditioners, air conditioners, pumps, turbines, refrigerators, thermal energy, produced burning, cold, heat pump, fuel, used generate, thermal, work input, electrical energy, towers, environment, turn, cool, fuels, coils, pump, transfer occurs, generator, cooling, heated, generate, gas, turning, water steam, combustion engine, condensed, transfer occur, input required, stations, evaporation, natural, tower, input, produced] Steam, Heat, Coal steam, heat, coal, heat pumps, heat transfer, turbine, electricity, outdoor, natural gas, burning
135 75 135_ear_middle ear_hair cells_middle [ear, middle ear, hair cells, middle, hair, inner ear, hearing loss, auditory, window, inner, hearing, sound, sensory, semicircular, vibrations, transduction, membrane, canals, receptor, ossicles, eardrum, pressure waves, outer, vestibular, sound waves, neuron, retina, loss, canal, mechanical, bones, sense, waves, receptors, sound wave, neural, diaphragm, responds, blurry, ear canal, vibration, focus, resulting, organ, images, figure 36, transmits, vibrate, cells, signal] Ear, Middle Ear, Hair Cells ear, middle ear, hair cells, middle, hair, inner ear, hearing loss, auditory, window, inner
136 74 136_fruit_seeds_flowering_dormancy [fruit, seeds, flowering, dormancy, grafting, setting, germination, germinate, flower, plants, plant, trees, ripening, include, grapes, leaves, fleshy, flowers, dropping, potatoes, seed, bark, examples include, fruits, promotes, abscission, fruit ripening, familiar, winter, bush, layering, ga, day, vegetative, leaf, mature, growth development, tree, inhibited, development, bay, family, timing, buds, promote, triggers, growth, fern, require, ovary] Fruit, Seeds, Flowering fruit, seeds, flowering, dormancy, grafting, setting, germination, germinate, flower, plants
137 74 137_perception_pitch_loudness_satellites [perception, pitch, loudness, satellites, time dilation, dilation, account, sound, timbre, color, higher frequencies, imaging, effective, used medical, perceived, intensity, speech, phone, hearing, music, medical imaging, maps, devices, information, fingers, orbiting, rely, relativistic, uses, physical quantities, needle, background, quality, picture, difficult, medical, precisely, frequencies, signal, makes, mirrors, precise, cross sections, dimensional image, voices, gender, perceptions, aural, frequency, sounds] Perception, Pitch, Loudness perception, pitch, loudness, satellites, time dilation, dilation, account, sound, timbre, color
138 73 138_calculating_example calculating_example 10_train [calculating, example calculating, example 10, train, suppose, example, check understanding, package, speed example, shown figure, acceleration, spinning, understanding, reel, 10, velocity, fishing, incline, car, adding vectors, figure 10, 12 example, check, shown, woman, person, jet, traffic, lawn, wheel, speed, baseball, average acceleration, mower, push, consider, angle horizontal, boat, balls, example 11, gate, horn, williams, slows, different angles, acceleration example, slope, constant force, barge, grindstone] Calculating, Example Calculating, Example 10 calculating, example calculating, example 10, train, suppose, example, check understanding, package, speed example, shown figure
139 73 139_connections_making connections_making_basic forces [connections, making connections, making, basic forces, science, discussion, concept, physics, thing, forms energy, scientific, everyday, basic, concept field, field field, unavailability energy, unavailability, connections conservation, electrochemistry, stopping, object distance, energy conservation, hearing, modern physics, real world, language, electrical signals, investigation, examples, change length, home, applications, electric charge, limited, attempts, reasonable, forces, relativity, forms, mapping, conservation, implications, perception, scientific method, ideas, energy work, apparent, friction, theories, organization] Connections, Making Connections, Making connections, making connections, making, basic forces, science, discussion, concept, physics, thing, forms energy
140 73 140_population_populations_species_island [population, populations, species, island, habitat, selected, number species, community, biodiversity, competition, individuals, resources, density, population size, ecologists, individuals species, number individuals, histories, factors, patterns, exotic species, selected species, growth, distribution, exotic, dependent, carrying capacity, regulation, environmental, keystone species, keystone, ecology, exponential, natural, size, planet, predation, particular, islands, life, particular point, independent, history, geological time, population growth, natural disasters, disasters, species living, area, capacity] Population, Populations, Species population, populations, species, island, habitat, selected, number species, community, biodiversity, competition
141 72 141_19 19_19__ [19 19, 19, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 19 19 19 19, 19, , , , , , , ,
142 72 142____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
143 72 143_53_54_57_ [53, 54, 57, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 53, 54, 57, , , , , , ,
144 72 144_tr_td_colspan_rowspan colspan [tr, td, colspan, rowspan colspan, rowspan, td rowspan, td tr, tr td, td td, tr tr, table, yes, table tr, tr table, vitamin, table table, membrane, table 34, transport, function, citric, citric acid, protein, atp, active, acid cycle, virus, meat, milk, rna, active transport, stimulates, dna, table figure, lipids, table 26, organic material, material, plasma membrane, cns, passive, adp, production, proteins, location, elm, replication, plasma, tissue, peptides] Tr, Td, Colspan tr, td, colspan, rowspan colspan, rowspan, td rowspan, td tr, tr td, td td, tr tr
145 72 145_exercises_problems exercises_conceptual questions_conceptual [exercises, problems exercises, conceptual questions, conceptual, problems, questions, aspect light, revisited, 12 flow, 13 temperature, 17 speed, aspect, 30 discovery, work scientific, 10 angular, momentum force, 25 law, scientific definition, sound frequency, maxwell equations, stress strain, law reflection, frequency wavelength, condition equilibrium, maxwell, linear momentum, hooke law, hooke, flow rate, speed sound, relation, strain, angular acceleration, 13 chemical, 24 maxwell, 26 physics, 22 magnets, 24 production, diagnostics medical, 32 diagnostics, 28 simultaneity, physics introduction, writing balancing, 34 cosmology, 31 radiation, topic basic, detection detectors, electricity charge, cosmology particle, simultaneity time] Exercises, Problems Exercises, Conceptual Questions exercises, problems exercises, conceptual questions, conceptual, problems, questions, aspect light, revisited, 12 flow, 13 temperature
146 71 146_chlorophyll_photosystem_photosynthesis_pigment [chlorophyll, photosystem, photosynthesis, pigment, pigments, electron transport, transport chain, light, reactions photosynthesis, dependent, psi, water carbon, light energy, carbon dioxide, atp, independent, harvesting, reactions, chloroplast, dioxide, transport, absorbs, calvin, chemical energy, center, absorbing, energy light, calvin cycle, energy sunlight, using energy, acceptor, chain, reactants, accessory, place, complex, electron, absorbs light, red, sunlight, stroma, ii, pfr, photosynthetic, carbon, energy atp, antenna, photoreceptors, phytochrome, reactions place] Chlorophyll, Photosystem, Photosynthesis chlorophyll, photosystem, photosynthesis, pigment, pigments, electron transport, transport chain, light, reactions photosynthesis, dependent
147 70 147_vaccines_hiv_virus_drugs [vaccines, hiv, virus, drugs, viral, viruses, immunity, resistant, immune, vaccine, treat, infections, immune response, mutations, antibiotics, anti, symptoms, diseases, used treat, disease, therapy, influenza, individuals, response, hope, infection, cause, drug, virions, infected, bacteria, memory, vaccinations, develop, immune systems, latency, evolves, host, polio, protective, viral infections, effective, low levels, routine, control, cause disease, causing, adaptations, prevented, illness] Vaccines, Hiv, Virus vaccines, hiv, virus, drugs, viral, viruses, immunity, resistant, immune, vaccine
148 70 148_endosymbiosis_endosymbiotic_archaeplastida_photosynthetic [endosymbiosis, endosymbiotic, archaeplastida, photosynthetic, chloroplasts, archaea, algae, eukaryotes, red algae, eukaryote, mitochondria, ancestral, ancestor, secondary, chlorarachniophytes, bacteria archaea, chloroplast, prokaryote, green, engulfed, alga, plastids, protists, derived, heterotrophic, originated, red, domains, descended, figure 23, green alga, bacteria, cyanobacteria, primary, origin, eukaryotic, green algae, cell resulting, proliferation, common ancestor, evolved, bacterium, supergroups, major groups, mitochondrion, algal, remnants, lineage, peptidoglycan, eukaryotic cell] Endosymbiosis, Endosymbiotic, Archaeplastida endosymbiosis, endosymbiotic, archaeplastida, photosynthetic, chloroplasts, archaea, algae, eukaryotes, red algae, eukaryote
149 70 149_18 18_18__ [18 18, 18, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 18 18 18 18, 18, , , , , , , ,
150 70 150_homo_years ago_ago_apes [homo, years ago, ago, apes, modern, million years, genus, humans, years, million, monkeys, primates, hominin, centimeters, evolved, africa, modern human, include, early, arboreal, figure 29, lived, species, cubic, specimens, older, rainforests, 29, old world, 000 years, man, species include, new world, similar, groups, fossils, divided groups, 1970s, teeth, brain, brains, human, larger, mid, lineage, number species, great, 500, oldest, upright] Homo, Years Ago, Ago homo, years ago, ago, apes, modern, million years, genus, humans, years, million
151 70 151_roots_stems_root_stem [roots, stems, root, stem, adventitious, nodes, leaves, aerial, shoot, plant, tap, leaf, tendrils, new plants, ground, grows, branches, grow, buds, modified, lateral, fibrous, arise, growing, tree, bud, plant species, provide additional, underground, apical, main, plants, emerge, axillary, primary, absorb, characterized presence, rose, support, strawberry, slender, epiphytes, stock, vegetative, horsetails, trunk, trees, anchor, potato, store] Roots, Stems, Root roots, stems, root, stem, adventitious, nodes, leaves, aerial, shoot, plant
152 70 152_amu_atomic mass_atomic_protons [amu, atomic mass, atomic, protons, neutrons, mass number, isotopes, atomic number, protons neutrons, element, mass, neutrons electrons, naturally occurring, naturally, mass numbers, occurring, number, numbers protons, boron, numbers, respectively, isotopes element, masses, number mass, number protons, atom, 99, abundance, average mass, tritium, electrons protons, number 12, electrons, brackets, protons nucleus, mass element, isotope, 108, polonium, atomic numbers, atoms, nucleus, atoms element, elements, 98, consists, check learning, 82, deuterium, nickel] Amu, Atomic Mass, Atomic amu, atomic mass, atomic, protons, neutrons, mass number, isotopes, atomic number, protons neutrons, element
153 69 153_25 25_25__ [25 25, 25, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 25 25 25 25, 25, , , , , , , ,
154 69 154_discovered_1950s_scientists_chemist [discovered, 1950s, scientists, chemist, solomon, drug, working, proposed, technique, scientist, university, treatments, published, led, discovery, credited, genome, stanford, small quantities, scientists refer, evidence, penicillin, sequenced, discovering, dish, invented, george, staining, drosophila, richard, filter, biologist, refer, research, developed, later, theory, yeast, extreme, sensitivity, web, supporting, late, demonstrated, recently, american, changed, performed, chemical signal, interaction] Discovered, 1950S, Scientists discovered, 1950s, scientists, chemist, solomon, drug, working, proposed, technique, scientist
155 69 155_digits_rounding_significant figures_note [digits, rounding, significant figures, note, figures, significant, retaining, answer, product rule, result, guard, probabilities, graphically, occurring, problem, errors, accurate, calculation, reasonable, events, taken, digit, volumes, care, cancel, quantities, solve, given digits, strategies, increases dramatically, whichever, entering expression, number people, upside, quadratic equation, position final, intermediate, measured value, single step, apply, object rest, ends, mass greater, quantities known, example 18, problem using, need solve, macrostates, calculations, probability] Digits, Rounding, Significant Figures digits, rounding, significant figures, note, figures, significant, retaining, answer, product rule, result
156 69 156_32___ [32, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 32, , , , , , , , ,
157 69 157_atm_mathrm_000_000 000 [atm, mathrm, 000, 000 000, 2n, 50, 10 000, graphite, 75, 54, 55, 18, 100, 28 29, 13 18, 20 40, minima, 18 22, 12 15, 15 18, 28, 10 20, si, 10, 86, 100 000, 600, 88, 13, hg, 25, thinking questions, 71, 15, 64, 32, critical thinking, 12, 57, oh, 12 12, 29, atomic orbitals, 51, 49, times, 48, 200, thinking, 1000] Atm, Mathrm, 000 000 atm, mathrm, 000, 000 000, 2n, 50, 10 000, graphite, 75, 54
158 69 158_85_94_97_98 [85, 94, 97, 98, 77, 64, 63, 78, 79, 62, 07, 91, 96, 81, 86, ne, 87, 74, 72, 68, 67, thinking questions, 61, critical thinking, 65, check understanding, 80, 90, thinking, critical, understanding, questions, 50, check, 24, low, answer, 23, 16, 11, , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 85, 94, 97, 98, 77, 64, 63, 78, 79, 62
159 69 159_formula_empirical_formula compound_empirical formula [formula, empirical, formula compound, empirical formula, compound formula, molarity, compound, percent composition, percent mass, percent, amu, concentration, molar, molecular mass, molar concentration, molal, composition, empirical formulas, molar mass, acid solution, formulas, molecular, coordination number, energy electrons, titanium, formula mass, mass, sulfide, binding energy, coordination, isotopes, spinal fluid, solution write, calcium phosphate, concentration water, empirical molecular, solution, mass gas, expected, compound molecular, glucose, water concentration, molecular formulas, aluminum oxide, yield reaction, unknown, chloroform, polystyrene, sodium metal, following molecules] Formula, Empirical, Formula Compound formula, empirical, formula compound, empirical formula, compound formula, molarity, compound, percent composition, percent mass, percent
160 68 160_earth_orbit_moon_observer [earth, orbit, moon, observer, earth orbit, satellite, sun, calculate, acceleration gravity, jupiter, calculate magnitude, orbit sun, acceleration, gravity, calculate acceleration, circular orbit, radius, bound observer, compare, elapsed time, orbital, elapsed, earth bound, angular momentum, based data, views, circular, average speed, altitude, centripetal acceleration, earth surface, center, distance earth, average distance, cliff, flashes, moves away, train, equator, galactic, distance center, earth moon, speed, centripetal, away, calculate average, moving relative, tidal, surface, center mass] Earth, Orbit, Moon earth, orbit, moon, observer, earth orbit, satellite, sun, calculate, acceleration gravity, jupiter
161 67 161_29___ [29, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 29, , , , , , , , ,
162 67 162_12 12_12__ [12 12, 12, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 12 12 12 12, 12, , , , , , , ,
163 67 163____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
164 67 164_heads_orderly_tails_heads tails [heads, orderly, tails, heads tails, possibilities, macrostate, coins, chance, probable, outcome, quarter, 100, getting, disorderly, die, imagine, 50, toss, structured, rolling, reverse, coin, equally, array, likely, 100 bills, squares, measuring device, initial state, fox, asymmetric, adiabatic process, need solve, ll, compton, bank, certainty, similarly, stacks, arrangement, wrapped, start, bills, does depend, 60, product rule, surprisingly, saw, way, gestation] Heads, Orderly, Tails heads, orderly, tails, heads tails, possibilities, macrostate, coins, chance, probable, outcome
165 67 165_partial_electronegativity_bond_covalent [partial, electronegativity, bond, covalent, atom, polar covalent, electronegative, covalent bond, negative charge, polar, dipole moment, dipole, electrons, atoms, water molecule, hydrogen atoms, covalent bonds, moment, positive charge, central atom, molecule, bonds, shared, oxygen, electrons shared, central, positive, oxygen atom, negative, charge, bond oxygen, pair electrons, share electrons, bonds central, atom atom, electronegativity difference, charge atom, hydrogen, difference, carbon atom, attracts, equally, attracted, pair, nonpolar, pairs, bonded, geometry, pair geometry, strongly] Partial, Electronegativity, Bond partial, electronegativity, bond, covalent, atom, polar covalent, electronegative, covalent bond, negative charge, polar
166 67 166_26 26_26__ [26 26, 26, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 26 26 26 26, 26, , , , , , , ,
167 67 167_body temperature_insulation_maintain_animals [body temperature, insulation, maintain, animals, body, endothermic, warm, fur, temperatures, metabolic, survive, blooded, temperature, heat, feathers, cold, climates, mammals, activity, reptiles, warm blooded, desert, help, birds, fat, metabolism, cooler, bears, conserve, retain, metabolic rate, regulate, metabolic rates, internal, energy maintain, winter, help maintain, solar radiation, environmental, need, seals, polar, adaptations, internally, elevated, seek, constant, animal, months, bear] Body Temperature, Insulation, Maintain body temperature, insulation, maintain, animals, body, endothermic, warm, fur, temperatures, metabolic
168 66 168_phet_learn_bar magnet_lab [phet, learn, bar magnet, lab, position velocity, velocity acceleration, watch, behave like, alpha decay, wave interference, magnet, explore, alpha, behave, red green, compass, bar, blue light, color vision, bending light, liquid gas, construction, like particles, rainbow, mixing, solid liquid, radioactive, dating, try, vectors, happens, dc, radioactive isotopes, structure atoms, generator, push, polonium, playing, speaker, electricity, different types, investigate, ramp, circuit, audio, introduce, generate, alpha particles, position, point charges] Phet, Learn, Bar Magnet phet, learn, bar magnet, lab, position velocity, velocity acceleration, watch, behave like, alpha decay, wave interference
169 66 169_11 11_11_111_ [11 11, 11, 111, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 11 11 11 11, 11, 111, , , , , , ,
170 66 170_principles_physical principles_knowns_unknowns [principles, physical principles, knowns, unknowns, quantities, problems, module, sports, physical, collisions, kinematics, precision, answer reasonable, examples, illustrate, rotational motion, interesting, identifying, physical quantities, solving problems, consider, reasonable, devoted, scope text, nature, particularly, motion, details, useful, physics, aspects, appropriately, work energy, mathematical, concepts, identified, insights, equations, visualize, problem solving, scope, involve, solving, applications, apply, solved, topics, technologies, vibrations, obvious] Principles, Physical Principles, Knowns principles, physical principles, knowns, unknowns, quantities, problems, module, sports, physical, collisions
171 65 171_28___ [28, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 28, , , , , , , , ,
172 65 172_vitamins_carbohydrates_macronutrients_diet [vitamins, carbohydrates, macronutrients, diet, essential, metabolism, required, minerals, nutrients, macromolecules, chemical reactions, obtain energy, living, organic, acids, usable energy, consume, organisms convert, convert, small quantities, fruits vegetables, convert energy, cells including, perform, replenish, essential nutrients, usable, proteins carbohydrates, cells use, organisms, functions, amino acids, necessary, provide, fatty acids, just, currency, transform, energy, function, reactions, vegetables, chemical, obtain, living organisms, animal body, energy use, continually, release energy, storing] Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Macronutrients vitamins, carbohydrates, macronutrients, diet, essential, metabolism, required, minerals, nutrients, macromolecules
173 65 173_phage_bacteriophage_dna_recombinant [phage, bacteriophage, dna, recombinant, host, lysogenic, genome, host cell, bacteriophages, lytic, incorporated, bacterial, coli, host genome, ti, yeast, infects, fragment, genomic, viral genome, cloning, replicates, chromosomal, foreign, organism, cycle, viral, bacterium, radioactive, nucleic acid, nucleic, genes, gene, prokaryote, cell, transduction, antibiotic, 21 10, dna different, circular dna, escherichia, introducing, bacterial cell, genomic dna, transfer, experiments, insert, infected, manipulate, alive] Phage, Bacteriophage, Dna phage, bacteriophage, dna, recombinant, host, lysogenic, genome, host cell, bacteriophages, lytic
174 64 174_27___ [27, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 27, , , , , , , , ,
175 64 175_explain answer_answer_explain_briefly [explain answer, answer, explain, briefly, choices, quantum gravity, meson, answers, nuclear force, phenomenon, 31, gravity, quantum, 30, nuclear, force, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Explain Answer, Explain, Briefly explain answer, answer, explain, briefly, choices, quantum gravity, meson, answers, nuclear force, phenomenon
176 64 176_20 20_20__ [20 20, 20, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 20 20 20 20, 20, , , , , , , ,
177 64 177_wings_birds_flight_insects [wings, birds, flight, insects, prey, bats, flying, shark, feathers, snakes, fly, bat, adaptations, tentacles, sharks, lift, wing, flap, insect, arboreal, limbs, adapted, dolphins, swallowing, gliding, fins, jaws, shed, evolved, land, vertebrates, frogs, displays, allow, smell, insulation, hands, modifications, design, feed, predators, tree, completely, capture, mating, embryonic, legs, tend, bird, feathered] Wings, Birds, Flight wings, birds, flight, insects, prey, bats, flying, shark, feathers, snakes
178 63 178_24___ [24, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 24, , , , , , , , ,
179 63 179_greenhouse_greenhouse effect_earth_temperatures [greenhouse, greenhouse effect, earth, temperatures, greenhouse gases, low pressure, atmosphere, sun, dew, earth surface, effect, clouds, winds, radiation, dew point, radiated, storm, deserts, tropics, cooling, maintains, global, low, warming, reflect, gases atmosphere, air, surface, northern hemisphere, atmospheric, gases, circulation, humidity, solar radiation, hot, weather, greatly, high pressure, hemisphere, responsible, emissivity, phenomenon, hotter, orderly, zones, lower, producing, negative feedback, constant temperature, northern] Greenhouse, Greenhouse Effect, Earth greenhouse, greenhouse effect, earth, temperatures, greenhouse gases, low pressure, atmosphere, sun, dew, earth surface
180 63 180_14 14_14__ [14 14, 14, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 14 14 14 14, 14, , , , , , , ,
181 63 181_acceleration_vertical_condition equilibrium_remains constant [acceleration, vertical, condition equilibrium, remains constant, train, journey, direction, velocity, direction motion, condition, car, signs, linear speed, slope, choice, negative, opposite, linear, parallel slope, reaction time, vertical axis, accelerating, speed, curve, axis, opposite direction, tangential, acceleration gravity, remains, banked, negative value, forces, second condition, pivot, simplify, racquet, horizontal vertical, let consider, heading, velocity acceleration, horizontal, speeds, reasonable, rock, road, direction force, consider, assumed, constant speed, slows] Acceleration, Vertical, Condition Equilibrium acceleration, vertical, condition equilibrium, remains constant, train, journey, direction, velocity, direction motion, condition
182 63 182_connection figure_visual connection_visual_connection [connection figure, visual connection, visual, connection, figure, reproductive cycle, 14, amniotic, shown, figure 33, figure 47, figure 41, human, 16, bladder, figure 14, figure 37, figure 39, figure 36, figure 16, figure 46, reasoning, figure 12, figure 43, 45, figure 44, ones, reproductive, figure 45, 29 22, 32 20, 33 11, regulate, water depth, halts, distribution phenotypes, 25 14, 23 28, cross, surface area, 23 25, atoms arranged, major components, figure 31, figure 34, 12, levels organization, countercurrent, fixing bacteria, regulate blood] Connection Figure, Visual Connection, Visual connection figure, visual connection, visual, connection, figure, reproductive cycle, 14, amniotic, shown, figure 33
183 62 183_sulfur_sulfur dioxide_carbonate_calcium [sulfur, sulfur dioxide, carbonate, calcium, volcanic, calcium carbonate, limestone, dioxide, deposits, atmosphere, carbon monoxide, monoxide, fuels, commercially, carbon, dissolved, dioxide hydrogen, underground, molten, oxides, fallout, rain, hydrogen, volcanic activity, burning fossil, sulfuric acid, sulfuric, nitrogen oxides, calcium oxide, major component, carbon dioxide, dead sea, mixture, salt, coal, industrial, dioxide atmosphere, minerals, sea, furnace, prepared, oxide, preparing, containing, hydrogen sulfide, fossil fuels, acid, comes, combustion, natural gas] Sulfur, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbonate sulfur, sulfur dioxide, carbonate, calcium, volcanic, calcium carbonate, limestone, dioxide, deposits, atmosphere
184 62 184_unit cell_cubic_packed_unit [unit cell, cubic, packed, unit, edge length, corners, holes, centered, edge, tetrahedral holes, centered cubic, array, occupying, closest, face centered, ions, sulfide, fcc, cell contains, tetrahedral, zinc, cubic structure, face, lattice, figure 10, structure, length unit, body centered, cell, titanium, atomic radius, aluminum, faces, oxide, simple, crystal structure, metal atoms, fluoride ions, fluoride, iodide, length, atoms, center, unit cells, octahedral, cell figure, thallium, calcium ions, half, arrangement] Unit Cell, Cubic, Packed unit cell, cubic, packed, unit, edge length, corners, holes, centered, edge, tetrahedral holes
185 61 185_osmotic_waste_blood_kidneys [osmotic, waste, blood, kidneys, uric, uric acid, electrolytes, urea, nutrients, osmotic balance, osmotic pressure, urine, balance, plasma, wastes, homeostasis, osmoregulation, excess, removing, body fluids, dialysis, toxic, body, kidney, glucose, liver, serum, oxygen tissues, fluids, blood plasma, salts, contains water, salt, tissues, helping, reabsorbed, elimination, fluid, transports, fetus, ph, maintain, removes, carry, glucose levels, ammonia, substances, mineral, membranes, tubules] Osmotic, Waste, Blood osmotic, waste, blood, kidneys, uric, uric acid, electrolytes, urea, nutrients, osmotic balance
186 61 186_30 31_64_39_25 [30 31, 64, 39, 25, 57, 49, 54, 55, 31, 25 31, 25 30, 41, 32, 94, 96, 86, 83, 84, 98, 95, 87, 82, 40, 69, 72, 68, 50, 71, 66, 34, 63, 65, 59, 58, 56, 25 25, 80, 30, 37, 36, 38, 45, 35, 33, 20, , , , , ] 30 31, 25 31 30 31, 64, 39, 25, 57, 49, 54, 55, 31, 25 31
187 61 187_department_university_biology_credit [department, university, biology, credit, et al, william, et, al, northeastern, heritage, kim, melatonin, office, gland, hospital, ma, science, lewis, lab, bar data, scale bar, data matt, matt russell, russell, matt, credit modification, bar, modification work, modification, created, white, general, scale, data, produces, image, work, energy, , , , , , , , , , , , ] Department, University, Biology department, university, biology, credit, et al, william, et, al, northeastern, heritage
188 61 188_33___ [33, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 33, , , , , , , , ,
189 61 189_monosaccharides_fructose_galactose_glucose [monosaccharides, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, monomer, sugar, monomers, sugars, sucrose, dehydration, polysaccharides, linkages, carbons, water molecule, starch, polymers, linkage, cellulose, chemical formula, hydroxyl, second carbon, linked, classify, simple sugars, asymmetric, molecule, unbranched, ribose, milk, hydroxyl group, carbon, common, polysaccharide, gains, chains, functional groups, ring, joined, polymer, carbohydrates, form, forms, kind, depending, amino acids, synthesis, condensation, comprise, figure 20] Monosaccharides, Fructose, Galactose monosaccharides, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, monomer, sugar, monomers, sugars, sucrose
190 61 190_76_74_84_83 [76, 74, 84, 83, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 76, 74, 84, 83, , , , , ,
191 60 191_preparation_occurrence_covalent bonds_properties [preparation, occurrence, covalent bonds, properties, covalent, nonmetals, section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, metalloids, objectives, structures, orbitals, bonds, section, molecular, 18, able, lewis, formal charges, noble gases, magnetic properties, crystalline, elements, electron pair, compounds, metals, learning, halogens, electron configurations, end, molecular orbital, geometry, configurations, formal, atomic orbitals, bonding, noble, compounds hydrogen, ionic, orbital, polarity, nonmetallic, pair geometry, theory, hybrid, covalent bonding, structure, coordination compounds] Preparation, Occurrence, Covalent Bonds preparation, occurrence, covalent bonds, properties, covalent, nonmetals, section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section
192 60 192_10 10_10__ [10 10, 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 10 10 10 10, 10, , , , , , , ,
193 60 193_30 30_30_30 25_25 30 [30 30, 30, 30 25, 25 30, 25, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 30 30, 30 25, 25 30 30 30, 30, 30 25, 25 30, 25, , , , ,
194 60 194_31___ [31, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 31, , , , , , , , ,
195 60 195_figure 22_22_30 figure_31 figure [figure 22, 22, 30 figure, 31 figure, figure, figure 21, 57, 56, figure 18, 21, 18, 59, 58, 51, 16 figure, 60, 53, 55, 47, 41, 66, 62, 31, 39, 61, figure 30, 49, 52, 54, 30 11, 11 pascal, 11, electric forces, dc voltmeters, 32 12, 27 figure, 11 pressure, 30, 39 10, 38 figure, 20 figure, 32 figure, 21 dc, 23 figure, 18 figure, 33 figure, 25 figure, 12 figure, 46, 28 figure] Figure 22, 30 Figure, 31 Figure figure 22, 22, 30 figure, 31 figure, figure, figure 21, 57, 56, figure 18, 21
196 60 196_introduction_outline_chapter_credit [introduction, outline, chapter, credit, occurrence, flickr, preparation, applications, motion, electric, 18, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, modification work, modification, law, laws, kinematics, thermodynamics, circuits, statics, physics, properties, 16, 22 magnetic, nasa, dynamics, 17, newton, 12, revisited, dimensional kinematics, 14, newton laws, work, credit modification, 23, law thermodynamics, 22, 21, 27, national, aspect light, collisions, laws motion, electromagnetic, work energy, 45, acids bases] Introduction, Outline, Credit introduction, outline, chapter, credit, occurrence, flickr, preparation, applications, motion, electric
197 59 197_fusion_nuclear_reactors_chernobyl [fusion, nuclear, reactors, chernobyl, controlled, nuclear bombs, thermonuclear, nuclear power, weapons, nuclear reactors, reactor, bombs, applications, explosions, conventional, fission, plutonium, power, bomb, practical, energy source, radioactive substance, chemical analysis, future, spectrometry, explosives, applications nuclear, hope, medicine, ms, union, sustaining, accident, hazardous, nuclear fusion, widely used, nuclear physics, core, society, chemistry, today, grown, enormous, tremendous, tool, built, design, large scale, hundreds, analytical] Fusion, Nuclear, Reactors fusion, nuclear, reactors, chernobyl, controlled, nuclear bombs, thermonuclear, nuclear power, weapons, nuclear reactors
198 59 198_34___ [34, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 34, , , , , , , , ,
199 59 199_kinetic energy_kinetic_power input_calculate [kinetic energy, kinetic, power input, calculate, ratio, calculate acceleration, average density, compare, classical, momentum, input, terminal voltage, collision, acceleration, charge current, magnification, calculate current, mass momentum, frequency hertz, energy velocity, power, momentum collision, output current, input output, momenta, total current, energy mass, forces attractive, magnifier, current power, terminal, energy collision, relativistic kinetic, change angular, cannon, average, velocity time, initial, stopping, area inside, charge stored, uncertainty, calculate power, torque, hertz, average acceleration, nonconservative forces, stored, kinetic energies, initial final] Kinetic Energy, Kinetic, Power Input kinetic energy, kinetic, power input, calculate, ratio, calculate acceleration, average density, compare, classical, momentum
200 59 200_fermentation_wine_fats_beer [fermentation, wine, fats, beer, foods, yeast, carbohydrates, alcohol, food, trans, wild, lactic acid, lactic, carbohydrate, cheese, diet, rich, strains, sugars, bread, industry, grains, production, satiety, fatty, grape, yogurt, carbohydrates proteins, wheat, artificially, juice, baking, ethanol, bad, rice, cyanide, desirable, microbes, fat, role, eliminated, flavor, processed, promote, nutrition, beneficial, healthy, eating, calories, feed] Fermentation, Wine, Fats fermentation, wine, fats, beer, foods, yeast, carbohydrates, alcohol, food, trans
201 59 201_corrected_heads tails_click_fields [corrected, heads tails, click, fields, errors, specify, following example, value, prediction, digit, interval, check, repair, display, way, tails, selected, heads, upper right, equal negative, reduces, model, position relative, use method, explore, limited number, drag, 14 18, constant mass, experimental, solution problem, mismatch repair, use different, algebra, determined using, labs, vectors, direction positive, 10 percent, makes sense, connections, asks, dipoles, rounding, compressing, cylinders, convert units, arithmetic, particle mass, interpreted] Corrected, Heads Tails, Click corrected, heads tails, click, fields, errors, specify, following example, value, prediction, digit
202 59 202_selection_natural selection_population_natural [selection, natural selection, population, natural, allele, variation, individuals, genetic, genetic drift, traits, drift, frequencies, individuals population, alleles, variability, founder, behaviors, selecting, confer, beneficial, generation, phenotype, offspring, survival, sexual, individual, fit, acts, mutation, cline, genotype, genetic basis, alter, organism, evolve, diversifying, sexual selection, hardy weinberg, heritable, genetic variation, stabilizing, hardy, reproduction, weinberg, gene flow, works, populations, compete, environment, directional] Selection, Natural Selection, Population selection, natural selection, population, natural, allele, variation, individuals, genetic, genetic drift, traits
203 58 203_conceptual questions_conceptual_18 conductors_conductors [conceptual questions, conceptual, 18 conductors, conductors, 17 sound, static equilibrium, induced emf, 22, 23, law thermodynamics, static, addition subtraction, magnetic flux, 17, problems exercises, vector addition, subtraction, safety, electric fields, thermodynamics, methods, 58, extended, exercises, flux, questions, accelerators create, 32 fission, 32 diagnostics, create matter, electricity charge, detection detectors, diagnostics medical, topic basic, multiple slit, 33 guts, 34 cosmology, 31 radiation, 31 binding, 22 hall, 33 accelerators, 10 magnetic, 11 applications, 15 introduction, 14 radiation, disorder unavailability, cosmology particle, 10 superposition, 11 24, introduction second] Conceptual Questions, Conceptual, 18 Conductors conceptual questions, conceptual, 18 conductors, conductors, 17 sound, static equilibrium, induced emf, 22, 23, law thermodynamics
204 58 204_unit cell_cubic_unit_corners [unit cell, cubic, unit, corners, layer, holes, anions, cations, po, occupy, face, array, fcc, tetrahedral holes, unit cells, closest, tetrahedral, packed, packing, octahedral, alternating, simple, corner, hole, radii, cell, lattice, edge length, atom, coordination number, type type, contacts, cubic structure, edge, cell contains, chloride, layers, coordination, atoms, chloride ion, cesium, consists, ions, structure, located, number 12, given density, type, cell mass, center] Unit Cell, Cubic, Unit unit cell, cubic, unit, corners, layer, holes, anions, cations, po, occupy
205 58 205_blood glucose_glucose levels_glucose_insulin [blood glucose, glucose levels, glucose, insulin, glucagon, diabetes, levels, pancreatic, pancreas, blood, liver, release, glucocorticoids, negative feedback, tumor, glycogen, tumors, release insulin, stimulating, feedback, rise, cells release, cells pancreas, cause, increase blood, feedback loop, adipose, breakdown, type, stimulates, levels insulin, sugar levels, mediated, figure 37, satiety, diabetes mellitus, homeostatic, mellitus, stimulate, adipose tissue, low blood, blood sugar, response, synthesis, meal, beta, gh, inflammatory, inability, skeletal muscles] Blood Glucose, Glucose Levels, Glucose blood glucose, glucose levels, glucose, insulin, glucagon, diabetes, levels, pancreatic, pancreas, blood
206 58 206_objective_earlier_case_machine [objective, earlier, case, machine, examined, took, plug, means, learned, noting, trip, station, looking, body temperature, implies, gives, doing, cost, releases, spread, hybridization, radio, long, unknown, electricity, expressed, typical, know, displacement, diameter, lead, leaves, significant, examples, maximum, include, ray, units, decay, positive, negative, note, frequency, resistance, surface, body, time, temperature, example, ] Objective, Earlier, Case objective, earlier, case, machine, examined, took, plug, means, learned, noting
207 57 207_justified_refining_careful_stay [justified, refining, careful, stay, support, sound, specific, earth, plants, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Justified, Refining, Careful justified, refining, careful, stay, support, sound, specific, earth, plants,
208 57 208_ideal gas_gas_ideal_gas law [ideal gas, gas, ideal, gas law, gas constant, law, moles, number moles, temperature, pressure, volume, constant, pressure volume, pressure gas, kelvin, molar, volume gas, volume temperature, square, gas temperature, atm, law constant, equation, mean, temperature kelvin, average, gas laws, temperature gas, non ideal, root, effusion, molar mass, charles, number molecules, kelvin temperature, container, number, kinetic molecular, molecular theory, relation, gas behavior, unit, boyle law, law states, scale, point water, gases, boyle, mole, humidity] Ideal Gas, Gas, Ideal ideal gas, gas, ideal, gas law, gas constant, law, moles, number moles, temperature, pressure
209 57 209_13 13_13__ [13 13, 13, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 13 13 13 13, 13, , , , , , , ,
210 57 210_engines_entropy_doing work_transfer [engines, entropy, doing work, transfer, carnot, doing, energy transfer, work, heat transfer, heat, energy available, energy, energy lost, heat engines, transfer energy, machine, second law, reversible processes, efficient, energy work, converted, tendency, carnot engine, energy energy, reverse, work energy, thermodynamics, conservation energy, reversible, engine, usable energy, law thermodynamics, available, transfer occur, waste heat, used work, devices, lost, usable, transfer doing, theoretical, transfers, employing, processes, energy transfers, disorder, useful, useful work, cyclical process, energy conserved] Engines, Entropy, Doing Work engines, entropy, doing work, transfer, carnot, doing, energy transfer, work, heat transfer, heat
211 57 211_credit_flickr_wikimedia commons_wikimedia [credit, flickr, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, et al, et, everyday connection, connection, credit modification, flickr credit, credit john, photo, modification work, modification, example 31, al, army, nasa, jon, commons credit, everyday, john, nih, credit nasa, link learning, evolution connection, link, learning watch, change latent, ncbi, 14 phase, paul flowers, watch, work, 25 24, niaid, venom, linda, kiwi, 11 fluid, snail, video, frank, geological survey, credit navy, lensing, 2002, 31, rocky] Credit, Flickr, Wikimedia Commons credit, flickr, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, et al, et, everyday connection, connection, credit modification
212 56 212_dinosaurs_birds_lizard_mammals [dinosaurs, birds, lizard, mammals, dinosaurs birds, bird, crocodiles, clades, pterosaurs, clade, diverged, birds evolved, extinct, include, lizards, reptiles, groups, belong, modern birds, lineage, hip, modern, snakes, includes, evolved, archaeopteryx, living, superficially, giving rise, living species, hips, pelvis, permian, turtles, mammal, family, oldest, arose, parental care, species, figure 29, major, orders, included, group, care, rise, period, parental, including] Dinosaurs, Birds, Lizard dinosaurs, birds, lizard, mammals, dinosaurs birds, bird, crocodiles, clades, pterosaurs, clade
213 56 213_conditioning_behaviors_stimulus_learned [conditioning, behaviors, stimulus, learned, behavior, bell, cognitive, response, classical, social, animal, behavioral, fitness, dogs, innate, behavioral biology, modified, evolutionary advantage, associated, training, associate, figure 45, evolutionary, influenced, reciprocal, learn, dog, displays, learning, environmental, consequences, food, benefit, selection, demonstrated, 45, environment, action, finished, type, changes, natural selection, individuals, advantage, share, species involved, usually involves, parent offspring, fixed, sounding] Conditioning, Behaviors, Stimulus conditioning, behaviors, stimulus, learned, behavior, bell, cognitive, response, classical, social
214 56 214_equipotential lines_sketch_equipotential_lines [equipotential lines, sketch, equipotential, lines, field lines, figure 22, direction magnetic, electric field, field, 22, direction current, magnetic force, magnetic, loop, electric, direction, coil, wire, shown figure, insulator, magnetic field, shown, current induced, field produces, negative charge, current, figure 23, coils, cases, referring, perpendicular, 23, positive, induced, charges, positive charges, figure 19, charge, loop wire, point charge, carry current, situation shown, conductor, produces magnetic, currents, perpendicular direction, long distance, 54, 55, directions] Equipotential Lines, Sketch, Equipotential equipotential lines, sketch, equipotential, lines, field lines, figure 22, direction magnetic, electric field, field, 22
215 56 215_fossils_extinction_extinctions_cambrian [fossils, extinction, extinctions, cambrian, fossil, period, fossil record, history, diversification, record, mass extinctions, periods, today, mass extinction, animal, cambrian explosion, animal phyla, events, explosion, species, years, happened, marked, occurred, dramatic, million years, geological, phyla, scientists, evidence, years ago, fossil evidence, begun, ago, extinction event, life, evolutionary, animal species, biodiversity, million, permian, evolution, years old, evolved, recent, cretaceous, gradual, new species, believe, past] Fossils, Extinction, Extinctions fossils, extinction, extinctions, cambrian, fossil, period, fossil record, history, diversification, record
216 56 216_low spin_spin_41_hf [low spin, spin, 41, hf, 42, 61, change, aq, central atom, 30 36, 115, 12 22, 114, te, coordination chemistry, lewis symbols, 110, empirical molecular, molecular formulas, 16 10, 94, hbr, rate, low, agcl, fe, hi, 98, 69, methanol, city, 72, 68, na, benzene, 62, central, 64, al, octahedral, 99, transition metals, torr, 70, symbols, iii, complexes, formulas, empirical, coordination] Low Spin, Spin, Hf low spin, spin, 41, hf, 42, 61, change, aq, central atom, 30 36
217 56 217_knowns_identify_unknown_want [knowns, identify, unknown, want, principles involved, physical principles, principles, solve, identify likely, list, known values, known quantities, intensive, known, number molecules, si units, unknowns, involved, physical, extensive, nuclide, values, si, convert, quantities, likely, substance, units, properties, new, produced, following, number, molecules, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Knowns, Identify, Unknown knowns, identify, unknown, want, principles involved, physical principles, principles, solve, identify likely, list
218 56 218_16___ [16, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 16, , , , , , , , ,
219 56 219_17 17_17__ [17 17, 17, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 17 17 17 17, 17, , , , , , , ,
220 56 220_number nucleons_conserved_baryon_quark [number nucleons, conserved, baryon, quark, nucleons, electron family, total number, charge electron, family, decay, decay mode, verify, confirm, quarks, lepton, mode, total charge, total, number, meson, charge, strangeness, given equation, constituents, pion, excited state, numbers, quark composition, proton, compositions, sigma, fusion reactions, write, rule, excited, terms, feynman, integral, conservation, baryons, unaffected, combinations, weak force, composed, electron, constituent, muon, imply, reactions, energy released] Number Nucleons, Conserved, Baryon number nucleons, conserved, baryon, quark, nucleons, electron family, total number, charge electron, family, decay
221 55 221_56_67_72_ [56, 67, 72, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 56, 67, 72, , , , , , ,
222 55 222____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
223 55 223_42_48_22 23_39 [42, 48, 22 23, 39, 45, 23, 28, 21, 25 29, 25 22, 28 22, 29 23, 23 28, 23 24, 22 27, 24 21, 23 42, 28 21, 21 23, 21 22, 24, 27, 22, 26, 29, 25, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 22 23, 25 29, 25 22 42, 48, 22 23, 39, 45, 23, 28, 21, 25 29, 25 22
224 55 224_central metal_ligand_complexes_ligands [central metal, ligand, complexes, ligands, orbitals, coordination, metal, splitting, atomic numbers, central, unpaired, transition, metal ion, crystal, isomer, unpaired electrons, spin, low spin, bonds, row, block, energy orbitals, electrons, atom, coordinate, metal atom, bonded, valence, carbon atom, formal, ion, pairing, atoms, series, octahedral, complex, covalent, transition series, transition elements, double bonds, carbon atoms, valence electrons, octet, field, periodic table, carbon, singly, bond, bonds carbon, transition metals] Central Metal, Ligand, Complexes central metal, ligand, complexes, ligands, orbitals, coordination, metal, splitting, atomic numbers, central
225 55 225_petals_leaf_flower_ovary [petals, leaf, flower, ovary, fruits, whorl, stem, leaves, leaflets, stamens, petiole, spiral, collectively, cluster, fruit, collectively called, stalk, lamina, alternate, carpel, blade, accessory, flowers, magnolia, undifferentiated, edible, tree, calyx, cones, usually, positioned, develops, develop, compound, branch, virtually, bud, multiples, palm, stigma, attaches, located, multiple, parts, monocots, fused, connecting, known, opposite, pollen] Petals, Leaf, Flower petals, leaf, flower, ovary, fruits, whorl, stem, leaves, leaflets, stamens
226 55 226_selection_natural selection_genetic_population [selection, natural selection, genetic, population, natural, species, populations, variability, individuals, population genetic, evolutionary, variation, phenotypes, genetic diversity, resource, diversity, selecting, evolve, evolution, survival, fitness, phenotypic, hybrid offspring, resources, adaptation, competition, populations species, reproductive, predators, genetic variation, environmental, evolving, genetic makeup, members species, gene pool, prey, fit, progeny, nature, makeup, advantage, gradual, species species, dependent, favorable, changing, reproduction, promote, environment, darwin] Selection, Natural Selection, Genetic selection, natural selection, genetic, population, natural, species, populations, variability, individuals, population genetic
227 53 227_photosynthesis_chemical energy_dioxide water_cellular respiration [photosynthesis, chemical energy, dioxide water, cellular respiration, sunlight, respiration, plants, carbon dioxide, light energy, sugars, dioxide, capture, energy form, carbon, carbohydrate molecules, plants use, cellular, energy, organic molecules, carbohydrate, organic, energy sunlight, chloroplasts, convert, energy chemical, solar energy, energy sun, oxygen, glucose, capture energy, photosynthetic, photosynthesis plants, mitochondria, products photosynthesis, carbohydrates, energy process, use, solar, plants animals, chemical, store energy, molecules figure, build, photosynthates, process called, food, inorganic, dioxide gas, access, obtain] Photosynthesis, Chemical Energy, Dioxide Water photosynthesis, chemical energy, dioxide water, cellular respiration, sunlight, respiration, plants, carbon dioxide, light energy, sugars
228 53 228_manometer_atmospheric pressure_atmospheric_gauge [manometer, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric, gauge, pressure, gauge pressure, barometer, absolute pressure, mercury, pressure absolute, pressures, absolute, capillary action, pressure exerted, depth, glass tube, total pressure, column, capillary, atm, device, atmosphere, negative gauge, closed end, pressure positive, open, bubble, pressure depth, pressure greater, liquid, air pressure, heights, closed, measures, tubes, immersed, tube closed, nonvolatile, exerted, sum, pressure inside, container, diver, action, tube, negative, pressure water, raised, used measure, lab] Manometer, Atmospheric Pressure, Atmospheric manometer, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric, gauge, pressure, gauge pressure, barometer, absolute pressure, mercury, pressure absolute
229 53 229_stomata_water potential_leaf_xylem [stomata, water potential, leaf, xylem, guard, hairs, water, sap, cohesion adhesion, water vapor, draws, cohesion, adhesion, root, phloem, roots, leaf surface, opening closing, plant, mesophyll, uptake, enters, open, vapor, closing, spaces, hot dry, potential, conserve water, water soil, loss water, water enters, petiole, evaporation, draw, close, allow, leaves, oxygen water, exits, photosynthesis, regulating, surround, carbon dioxide, conserve, opening, cells called, openings, lost, negative] Stomata, Water Potential, Leaf stomata, water potential, leaf, xylem, guard, hairs, water, sap, cohesion adhesion, water vapor
230 52 230_motors_ac_hazard_power [motors, ac, hazard, power, generators, devices, wires, dc, current, high voltage, shock, large power, electrical, parallel connections, power lines, thermal, solar cells, high, electronic, batteries, distribution, used make, noise, applications, voltage, losses, dramatic, current carrying, construction, electric current, systems, operate, lines, shapes, voltages, hours, easier, tapes, electric, overheating, automotive, lower resistance, similar way, sound travels, cause damage, used, minimized, myriad, sorts, economical] Motors, Ac, Hazard motors, ac, hazard, power, generators, devices, wires, dc, current, high voltage
231 52 231_transport_carrier proteins_membrane_active transport [transport, carrier proteins, membrane, active transport, proteins, carrier, diffusion, lipid, channel, plasma membrane, membranes, materials, substances, plasma, diffusing, pass, active, hydrophobic, facilitate, transports, ions, cytoplasm, molecules, require, molecular weight, cell, selectively, ions cell, diffuse, polar, water soluble, atp, facilitated, living systems, channels, small molecules, cell membranes, passive, passage, maintains, movement, living, molecules ions, wastes, freely, hundreds, pumps, interior, osmosis, fewer] Transport, Carrier Proteins, Membrane transport, carrier proteins, membrane, active transport, proteins, carrier, diffusion, lipid, channel, plasma membrane
232 52 232_35___ [35, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 35, , , , , , , , ,
233 52 233____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
234 52 234_apical_abscisic_promote_dominance [apical, abscisic, promote, dominance, dormancy, phytochrome, growth, ethylene, germination, seed germination, roots, buds, responses, senescence, elongation, lateral, photosynthates, shoots, inactive, leaves, shaded, induces, meristem, embryos, inhibit, shoot, seed, inhibits, red light, red, stimulate, pr, promoting, seeds, far, plant, apical meristem, delay, directional, development, blue light, response, germinate, bud, hormones, stem, trigger, developmental, physiological, leaf] Apical, Abscisic, Promote apical, abscisic, promote, dominance, dormancy, phytochrome, growth, ethylene, germination, seed germination
235 52 235_nitrogen_ammonium_nitrogen fixation_fixation [nitrogen, ammonium, nitrogen fixation, fixation, nitrogen gas, atmospheric nitrogen, ammonia, nitrates, gaseous nitrogen, nitrate, organic compounds, bacteria, nitrite, organic, converts, atmospheric, converted, ammonium ion, nitrogenous, nitrogen ammonia, gaseous, compounds, nitrogen fixing, usable, conversion, fixing, soils, biologically, symbiotic, fixed, terrestrial, convert, process, fixing bacteria, decomposing, nitrogen soil, terrestrial ecosystems, nitrogenous waste, pool, living, largest, living organisms, transformed, available, biological, carried, soil, cyanobacteria, gas, benefits] Nitrogen, Ammonium, Nitrogen Fixation nitrogen, ammonium, nitrogen fixation, fixation, nitrogen gas, atmospheric nitrogen, ammonia, nitrates, gaseous nitrogen, nitrate
236 52 236_pivot point_torque_inertia_pivot [pivot point, torque, inertia, pivot, moment inertia, moment, angular, torques, point, lever, newton law, angular velocity, rotation, newton, perpendicular, force, force applied, perpendicular lever, lever arm, fictitious forces, angular momentum, clockwise, inertial, motion, rotational, point point, fictitious, applied, counterclockwise, angular acceleration, arm, rotational motion, gravitation, chosen, axis, directed, magnitude force, frame, reference, acceleration, rotational inertia, unless, law motion, magnitude, distance, change angular, coriolis force, coriolis, hinges, force acts] Pivot Point, Torque, Inertia pivot point, torque, inertia, pivot, moment inertia, moment, angular, torques, point, lever
237 51 237____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
238 51 238_renal_tubule_glomerulus_nephrons [renal, tubule, glomerulus, nephrons, kidney, convoluted, medulla, cortex, artery, nephron, network, distal, cortical, pelvis, capillary, collecting, tubules, loop, urine, proximal, capsule, afferent, ducts, filtration, renin, solute, tubular, urea, surrounds, exits, branches, solutes, reabsorption, excretory, ascending, renal tubules, kidneys, duct, lobes, secretion, arterioles, papillae, radiate, pyramids, arteries, osmotic, limb, diuretic, bladder, countercurrent] Renal, Tubule, Glomerulus renal, tubule, glomerulus, nephrons, kidney, convoluted, medulla, cortex, artery, nephron
239 51 239_movement_muscles_joint_movements [movement, muscles, joint, movements, spine, joints, upper body, posture, hips, bones, extension, legs, neck, bending, exert, scapulae, bone, shoulders, gliding, arms, wrist, rotational, angular, toes, perpendicular lever, flexibility, lifting, pivot, elevation, upper, longitudinal, clockwise, rotation, rotates, vertebrae, pushes, contract, lever, opposite, body, head, curvature, backward, figure 38, hard, upward, bad posture, torso, counteract, angle] Movement, Muscles, Joint movement, muscles, joint, movements, spine, joints, upper body, posture, hips, bones
240 50 240_lines_field lines_field_electric [lines, field lines, field, electric, electric field, electric fields, fields, magnetic, strength, magnetic field, poles, charges, represent, conductor, unit area, charge, useful visualizing, entity, perpendicular, unlike, map, field strength, proportional number, magnets, field perpendicular, uniform, visualizing, charge distribution, proportional, direction, perpendicular surface, electrostatic, charge electric, direction magnetic, uniformly, plates, forces, surfaces, tool, representation, charged, equipotential, arrows, point charge, universal, coils, spherical, loops, polarization, precisely] Lines, Field Lines, Field lines, field lines, field, electric, electric field, electric fields, fields, magnetic, strength, magnetic field
241 50 241_hearing_sound_db_sounds [hearing, sound, db, sounds, threshold, sound pressure, tone, intensity level, frequency, beats, frequencies, loudness, intensity, loud, piano, level, audible, ear, overtones, decibels, closed end, sound intensity, intense, musical instruments, 70, open ends, 60, musical, playing, tubes, perceived, guitar, string, fundamental frequency, sensitive, 40, range, losses, near, closed, curved, normal, curves, instruments, fundamental, open, stimulus, perceptions, dip, intense sounds] Hearing, Sound, Db hearing, sound, db, sounds, threshold, sound pressure, tone, intensity level, frequency, beats
242 50 242_kelvin_celsius_fahrenheit_degrees [kelvin, celsius, fahrenheit, degrees, calories, boiling temperature, convert, water boiling, psi, temperature water, energy needed, point water, freezing, boiling, scale, temperature, freezing point, temperature kelvin, scales, food energy, nutritional, joules, absolute, change temperature, fahrenheit scale, defined, quantify, raise, celsius scale, commonly used, degree, energy content, viscosity, density, dietary, density water, raise temperature, absolute pressure, temperatures, needed, water, frequently, equivalent, specified, food, commonly, unit, foods, gram, measured units] Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit kelvin, celsius, fahrenheit, degrees, calories, boiling temperature, convert, water boiling, psi, temperature water
243 50 243_59_55__ [59, 55, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 59, 55, , , , , , , ,
244 50 244_home_home experiment_experiment_making connections [home, home experiment, experiment, making connections, investigation, connections, making, paper, sheet paper, flashlight, sheet, cd, bowl, swing, look, balloon, tennis, solar cell, straw, pile, plastic, cards, ice cubes, cubes, pupil, strips, friend, edge, batteries, pencil, glass, hold, foil, balls, solar, illustration, marble, match, floating, fingers, room, freely, hands, filament, circle, try, virtual, hand, poles, gentle] Home, Home Experiment, Experiment home, home experiment, experiment, making connections, investigation, connections, making, paper, sheet paper, flashlight
245 50 245_24 24_24__ [24 24, 24, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 24 24 24 24, 24, , , , , , , ,
246 50 246_step step_step_explain explain_explain [step step, step, explain explain, explain, 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Step Step, Step, Explain Explain step step, step, explain explain, explain, 10, , , , ,
247 49 247_solute_solute concentration_solubility_concentration [solute, solute concentration, solubility, concentration, saturated, saturated solution, solvent, solution, reaction, exceeds, solution contains, solubility product, relatively, precipitate, supersaturated, ammonia, lower temperature, established, precipitation, relatively high, concentrated, low concentration, relatively low, reactions occur, gasoline, high concentration, dilute, reaction quotient, equilibrium, quotient, following reactions, concentrations, aqueous solution, said, substance, fast, prepared, gives following, typical conditions, time high, decomposition ammonia, produced burning, species involved, relatively stable, reaction figure, volume hydrogen, water solvent, stoichiometry reaction, nitrogen hydrogen, contains] Solute, Solute Concentration, Solubility solute, solute concentration, solubility, concentration, saturated, saturated solution, solvent, solution, reaction, exceeds
248 49 248_62_63__ [62, 63, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 62, 63, , , , , , , ,
249 49 249_sound_sounds_overtones_piano [sound, sounds, overtones, piano, strings, frequencies, hear, frequency sounds, sounding, frequency, beats, loudness, amplify, musical, sound waves, instruments, intensity, sound wave, middle, stereo, speakers, air columns, waves, musical instruments, varying, loud, voice, higher frequency, speaker, tube closed, beat frequency, vibrating, constructive destructive, played, oscillate, columns, flavor, resonance, closed end, beat, expect, vibrations, sound intensity, simultaneously, destructive interference, curves, fundamental, tube, places, destructive] Sound, Sounds, Overtones sound, sounds, overtones, piano, strings, frequencies, hear, frequency sounds, sounding, frequency
250 48 250_endergonic_exergonic_reactions_exergonic reactions [endergonic, exergonic, reactions, exergonic reactions, activation, change reaction, activation energy, free energy, spontaneous, require, energy input, reactants, reaction, release energy, proceed, products, input, standard, energy reaction, enthalpies, free, enthalpy, nonspontaneous, energy, rate reaction, enthalpy change, enzymes, enthalpies formation, reactants products, breaking, release, reactions place, require energy, energy state, transition state, entropy change, lowering, compute, change, indicates, overcome, higher energy, hydrolysis, releasing, negative, formation, consumed, using specific, response change, chemical reaction] Endergonic, Exergonic, Reactions endergonic, exergonic, reactions, exergonic reactions, activation, change reaction, activation energy, free energy, spontaneous, require
251 48 251_premise_premises_responsible_unreasonable [premise, premises, responsible, unreasonable, inconsistent, assumption, assumptions, 67, violated, available, appropriate equation, choose, equation, allowed, appropriate, rule, unknown, identify, state, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Premise, Premises, Responsible premise, premises, responsible, unreasonable, inconsistent, assumption, assumptions, 67, violated, available
252 48 252_waves_wave_amplitude_disturbance [waves, wave, amplitude, disturbance, sound, standing, sound wave, standing wave, sonic boom, constructive, interference, string, boom, constructive interference, sonic, longitudinal, harmonic, destructive interference, earthquake, pressure waves, visualizing, destructive, looks like, guitar, simple harmonic, travel, object moving, superposition, frequency, disturbances, standing waves, created, transverse, looks, points, oscillation, rocks, resultant, sound waves, source, harmonic motion, varying, oscillations, nodes, farther, travel different, spread, resulting, waves having, alternately] Waves, Wave, Amplitude waves, wave, amplitude, disturbance, sound, standing, sound wave, standing wave, sonic boom, constructive
253 48 253_university_prize_nobel_chemistry [university, prize, nobel, chemistry, century, nobel prize, medicine, shroud, mit, egypt, woman, received, contribution, england, physics chemistry, degree, school, did, spent, returned, professor, scientist, british, continued, society, centuries, foundation, dr, contributions, born, years, scientific, recognized, late, industrial, established, imprint, early life, community, st, adopted, heritage, life, emission electron, colorado, collective, royal, university california, win, 1993] University, Prize, Nobel university, prize, nobel, chemistry, century, nobel prize, medicine, shroud, mit, egypt
254 48 254_radio_fm_tv_antenna [radio, fm, tv, antenna, receiver, broadcast, modulation, sight, frequencies, radio wave, noise, pick, amplitude, radar, internet, transmission, used transmit, antennas, station, laser, amplify, frequency, mobile, information, waves, phone, optical, music, signals, audio, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic, efficiently, cable, fibers, carried, microwaves, stands, mode, transmit, detect, lasers, aircraft, radio waves, line, signal, satellite, wave, velocity small, time high] Radio, Fm, Tv radio, fm, tv, antenna, receiver, broadcast, modulation, sight, frequencies, radio wave
255 48 255_half life_half_life_decay [half life, half, life, decay, radioactive, activity, nuclei, radioactive decay, decays, original value, kinetics, curie, time required, original, years, time, number, half lives, curie ci, remaining, decreases, disintegrations, year, curies, rate decay, constant, isotope, reaction time, shorter, days, ci, lives, dose, mole, nuclide, tritium, 87, subscript, use equation, unit time, value, equation gives, given, sample, chance, exponential, cut, dating, digits, reactant] Half Life, Half, Life half life, half, life, decay, radioactive, activity, nuclei, radioactive decay, decays, original value
256 48 256_section able_objectives end_learning objectives_end section [section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, able, section, able define, learning, end, define, able explain, calorimetry, diffusion osmosis, able identify, able discuss, credit nasa, discuss, phenomena diffusion, osmosis related, related processes, credit, molecular transport, transport phenomena, law thermodynamics, quark composition, 31 nuclear, kinematics rotational, 15 law, theoretical yield, radioactive isotopes, wikimedia commons, thermodynamics, kepler laws, osmosis, wikimedia, nasa, commons, quantum numbers, maxwell equations, 33, moving charge, nonconservative forces, superconductors, faraday law, isotopes, hubble, kepler, explain, nonconservative] Section Able, Objectives End, Learning Objectives section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, able, section, able define, learning, end
257 48 257_kinetic theory_atoms molecules_molecules_gas [kinetic theory, atoms molecules, molecules, gas, kinetic, gas laws, molecules gas, number molecules, theory, random, collisions, gas molecules, speeds, colliding, explanation, temperature, explanation pressure, container, random motion, random thermal, theory atomic, atoms, gases, high pressures, thermal motion, number collisions, lower temperatures, pressure temperature, energy collision, diffusion rate, laws, escape, disperse, statistical, relatively low, fluctuations, motion, molecular, bulbs, atomic molecular, unit area, average force, increased, liquids, kinetic energy, thermodynamics, average, gaseous, average speed, temperatures] Kinetic Theory, Atoms Molecules, Molecules kinetic theory, atoms molecules, molecules, gas, kinetic, gas laws, molecules gas, number molecules, theory, random
258 47 258_subunit_ll_peptidoglycan_hi [subunit, ll, peptidoglycan, hi, composed, wastes, africa, morphology, complexity, cell membrane, touch, gram, treat, scientists think, practically, gelatinous, weather conditions, midrib, tendrils, protists, ch, parts world, average temperature, strand, rose, grape, staphylococcus, rudimentary, bind promoter, sequentially, glacier, mrna template, hominin, leaflets, swelling, nitrogenous wastes, animals fungi, engulfs, membranous, quick, activators, heterotrophic, net primary, drosophila, good example, enzyme called, higher lower, penetration, nineteenth, remained] Subunit, Ll, Peptidoglycan subunit, ll, peptidoglycan, hi, composed, wastes, africa, morphology, complexity, cell membrane
259 47 259_aldosterone_renin_kidneys_reabsorption [aldosterone, renin, kidneys, reabsorption, pth, blood pressure, adh, blood, atrial, calcium, hormone, release, stimulates, adrenal cortex, peptide, ii, acts, retention, water balance, calcitonin, increases blood, absorption, increase blood, enhances, volume pressure, adrenal, excretion, intestines, regulate, volume, triggers, triggers release, levels, pressure volume, cortex, secretion, pressure increase, stimulated, blood calcium, increased, dietary, parathyroid, pressure, sodium ions, actions, sodium, regulates, stimulating, increase, activity] Aldosterone, Renin, Kidneys aldosterone, renin, kidneys, reabsorption, pth, blood pressure, adh, blood, atrial, calcium
260 47 260_photon_excited_orbit_excited state [photon, excited, orbit, excited state, electron, energy level, em, absorbed, higher energy, transition, state, excite, gamma rays, energy, quantized, metastable, falls, shell, ground state, photons, energy levels, higher, energy electron, energy difference, gamma, energy necessary, difference energy, vacancy, levels, energy emitted, em wave, em radiation, energies, level, high energy, highest, metastable state, rays, energy absorbed, orbital, jump, emitted, atom, photon energy, away, interacts, spectrum, energy change, difference, ev] Photon, Excited, Orbit photon, excited, orbit, excited state, electron, energy level, em, absorbed, higher energy, transition
261 47 261_cost_costs_gallon_transfer occurs [cost, costs, gallon, transfer occurs, kilowatt, heat transfer, efficiency, transfer, air conditioner, conditioner, trip, hours, heat, miles, electricity, adiabatic process, hour, economy, maximum efficiency, occurs environment, electric energy, engine, ice, month, occurs, fuel, gasoline, adiabatic, doing work, operating, compact, carnot, joules, conduction, doing, environment, day, temperature fahrenheit, converted electricity, hot summer, estimate, times longer, iceberg, given density, 24 hours, 110, carnot efficiency, melting ice, engine operating, estimating] Cost, Costs, Gallon cost, costs, gallon, transfer occurs, kilowatt, heat transfer, efficiency, transfer, air conditioner, conditioner
262 47 262_graphene_graphite_allotropes_carbon [graphene, graphite, allotropes, carbon, functional groups, carbon atoms, functional, properties, layers, hydrocarbon, physical properties, groups, chains, carbon bonds, 18 23, lightweight, rings, confer, tape, molecular compounds, thinner, diamonds, atoms, single layer, packing, amorphous, compounds, carbon carbon, backbone, structural, materials, unlike, bonds, discovered, covalent, solids, chemical properties, ratios, characteristics, hydrocarbons, structure, bonding, planar, macromolecules, illustrated figure, diamond, recently, different, inorganic, vacuum] Graphene, Graphite, Allotropes graphene, graphite, allotropes, carbon, functional groups, carbon atoms, functional, properties, layers, hydrocarbon
263 47 263_world_2006_2010_renewable [world, 2006, 2010, renewable, energy needs, solar, energy consumption, china, year, california, largest, generating, desert, electricity, 1993, 000, glaciers, hydroelectric, 2008, world energy, 20 000, management, consumption, days, completion, resources, energy use, power plant, land, nuclear power, power, needs, operating, reactors, accelerator, oil, wood, providing, estimated, estimated 200, users, deep, years, contained, 1700, converted electricity, use source, global, estimate, feet] World, Renewable, Energy Needs world, 2006, 2010, renewable, energy needs, solar, energy consumption, china, year, california
264 47 264_element_electronegative element_electronegative_group [element, electronegative element, electronegative, group, electronegativity, nonmetals, nonmetal, compound, electronegativities, proportions, oxidation, oxidation number, increases, lanthanide, increases increasing, oxidation state, metal, compound composed, ion, atom, form ions, elements group, elements, atoms different, atoms, generally, acidity, row, fluorine, increasing, halogen, metals, ionic, covalent, strength, compounds, actinide, hydrogen compounds, electrons, cation, composed molecules, bond, hydrogen, law constant, ions, periodic table, composed, electrons electrons, different elements, nonmetallic] Element, Electronegative Element, Electronegative element, electronegative element, electronegative, group, electronegativity, nonmetals, nonmetal, compound, electronegativities, proportions
265 47 265_molecule_resonance_lone_remember [molecule, resonance, lone, remember, bonding, formal, atom, molecular structure, lone pair, oxygen, electronegative, bond, electrons hydrogen, molecule ion, electronic, hydrogen, outer shell, resonance forms, arrangement atoms, electronic structure, atoms, odd, actual, moments, electrons, formal charge, formal charges, hydrogen atoms, know, structure, octet, configuration, arrangement, charges, pair, water molecule, oxygen atom, slightly, electron density, electronegativity, bonds, negative, lone pairs, electron configuration, lewis, lewis structures, electron, charge, negative charge, identical] Molecule, Resonance, Lone molecule, resonance, lone, remember, bonding, formal, atom, molecular structure, lone pair, oxygen
266 47 266_field lines_field_lines_electric field [field lines, field, lines, electric field, lines cross, point space, magnetic field, negative charge, charges, electric, magnetic, charge, positive charge, field line, terminate, positive, negative, tangent, positive charges, wire, pole, negative charges, magnitude charge, conductor, zero, cross, south pole, unlike charges, space, region, magnet, north pole, line, direction, charged particle, necessarily, acts like, point, equipotential, conducting, leaving, exactly opposite, equal negative, south, wires, excess charges, like tiny, magnetic monopoles, create large, cylinder] Field Lines, Field, Lines field lines, field, lines, electric field, lines cross, point space, magnetic field, negative charge, charges, electric
267 47 267_79_77_87_82 [79, 77, 87, 82, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 79, 77, 87, 82, , , , , ,
268 46 268_entropy_forms energy_thermal equilibrium_thermodynamics [entropy, forms energy, thermal equilibrium, thermodynamics, law thermodynamics, universe, conservation energy, change entropy, law, thermal, energy depends, gas law, reversible process, energy, internal energy, forms, reversible, state, energy chemical, isothermal, increase entropy, adiabatic, ideal gas, let, second law, conservation, perfect, engine, calorimeter, mechanical energy, heat, crystalline, reached, idea, internal, total, stated, entropy decrease, important remember, ideal, process, systems, behavior, let look, supplied source, increases, experience, stated terms, sole, transferring energy] Entropy, Forms Energy, Thermal Equilibrium entropy, forms energy, thermal equilibrium, thermodynamics, law thermodynamics, universe, conservation energy, change entropy, law, thermal
269 46 269_22 figure_figure 11_figure 13_figure 15 [22 figure, figure 11, figure 13, figure 15, 32 figure, figure 17, 18 figure, 33 figure, 21 figure, 17, figure 18, 18, 11, 37 figure, figure, 13, 38 figure, 23 figure, 15, 22, figure 12, 11 28, 11 32, 11 24, 19 22, 13 18, 13 14, 10 23, 12 22, 18 21, 17 16, 19 21, 18 20, 30 figure, 20 figure, 12 18, 33, 11 10, 32, 12 figure, 28 figure, 15 figure, 19 figure, 24 figure, 29, 10 figure, 14 figure, 16 figure, 37, 12] 22 Figure, Figure 11, Figure 13 22 figure, figure 11, figure 13, figure 15, 32 figure, figure 17, 18 figure, 33 figure, 21 figure, 17
270 46 270_vesicle_golgi_membrane_plasma membrane [vesicle, golgi, membrane, plasma membrane, plasma, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, vesicles, golgi apparatus, reticulum, membrane protein, phagocytosis, apparatus, fuses, packaging, lumen, fuse, cell membrane, protein, pinocytosis, cytoplasmic, membranous, vacuole, work mariana, villareal, ruiz villareal, mariana ruiz, mariana, endocytosis, ruiz, bud, face, synthesis, membranes, ribosome, particle, envelope, membrane figure, rer, proteins, integral, incorporate, organelles, inside outside, vacuoles, portion, modified, outside cell, outside, cis] Vesicle, Golgi, Membrane vesicle, golgi, membrane, plasma membrane, plasma, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, vesicles, golgi apparatus, reticulum
271 46 271_college_click view_view content_org books [college, click view, view content, org books, 2e pages, books, pages, 2e, content https, click, content, view, https openstax, https, openstax, openstax org, org, physics, section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, able, section, learning, end, introduction, able define, able explain, able calculate, define, 16 simple, linear momentum, 16, statics, 10 superposition, 11 fluid, simple, resistivity, simple processes, conductors insulators, electric potential, 19 capacitors, 18 conductors, resistance resistivity, simple machines, linear, 29 photon, 18 electric] College, Click View, View Content college, click view, view content, org books, 2e pages, books, pages, 2e, content https, click
272 46 272____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
273 45 273_step step_step__ [step step, step, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Step Step, Step step step, step, , , , , , , ,
274 45 274_units_unit_metric_conversion factor [units, unit, metric, conversion factor, conversion, si units, unit conversion, conversion factors, convert, standards, cubic meter, si, meter, cancels, factor, physical quantities, international, units meters, meters, quantities, seconds, orders magnitude, units used, powers, expressed, requested, newtons, conversions, expressing, accommodate, unit volume, english, terms, cubic, mass energy, length, kilometers, ranges, multiply, appropriate, kilograms, orders, desired, factors, measured, cancel, fundamental, countries, mass, constant units] Units, Unit, Metric units, unit, metric, conversion factor, conversion, si units, unit conversion, conversion factors, convert, standards
275 45 275_explicitly_follow_problem solving_steps [explicitly, follow, problem solving, steps, solving, solving strategy, strategies, solving strategies, problem, strategy, laws motion, wave optics, newton laws, solve problem, problem using, static equilibrium, series parallel, outlined, optics, resistors, thermodynamics, analytical method, newton, laws, electrostatics, solve, static, lenses, lenz law, lenz, text, vector addition, analytical, parallel, series, motion, mirrors, sketch situation, statistics, steps involved, wave, visualizing, recording, rotational, format, projectile motion, vector, usual, worked, entropy] Explicitly, Follow, Problem Solving explicitly, follow, problem solving, steps, solving, solving strategy, strategies, solving strategies, problem, strategy
276 45 276_mice_coloration_colored_predators [mice, coloration, colored, predators, eat, blend, darker, grass, predation, prey, lizards, likely, sand, mimic, coat, mother, unpleasant, lizard, cycling, apes, learn, hybrid, reproduce, bear, bit, dark, dogs, size, wild, brown, avoid, began, toxic, amphibians, chemicals, risk, probably, selected, imprint, fit, distribution phenotypes, relative body, appear similar, bird species, larger size, ground, survive, hare, lion, spend time] Mice, Coloration, Colored mice, coloration, colored, predators, eat, blend, darker, grass, predation, prey
277 45 277_thermodynamics_law thermodynamics_second law_entropy second [thermodynamics, law thermodynamics, second law, entropy second, work energy, 15, thermodynamics heat, law, applications, rotational, energy work, law motion, explanation, newton, dynamics rotational, thermodynamics restated, torques muscles, restated, viscosity laminar, applications bernoulli, simple processes, pumps refrigerators, explanation pressure, 10 rotational, motion rotational, flow poiseuille, applications newton, forces torques, theory atomic, muscles joints, rotational inertia, newton law, 15 law, motion, poiseuille law, interpretation, refrigerators, poiseuille, heat pumps, revisited, statistical, kinetic theory, inertia, energy theorem, laminar flow, atomic molecular, torques, kinetic, bernoulli equation, rotational motion] Thermodynamics, Law Thermodynamics, Second Law thermodynamics, law thermodynamics, second law, entropy second, work energy, 15, thermodynamics heat, law, applications, rotational
278 45 278_pounds_pound_feels_bag [pounds, pound, feels, bag, 20 percent, choosing, 20, 100, 100 bills, flow turbulent, stacks, bills, stack, 3000, error, flow laminar, 80, cost, grams, answer reasonable, percent, 2000, best, turbulent, unknown, laminar, 120, identify, steps, solving, gram, 22 20, equation, 20 24, 20 22, units, 1300, 20 40, times longer, flow, scientific notation, noticeably, reasonable, meters, arbitrary, total volume, 10 percent, quoted, kilometer, investment] Pounds, Pound, Feels pounds, pound, feels, bag, 20 percent, choosing, 20, 100, 100 bills, flow turbulent
279 45 279_explain observations_explain_observations_define [explain observations, explain, observations, define, answers, responses, choice, refractive indices, laser vision, centrifuge, refractive, appropriate, chances, indices, static equilibrium, inelastic collision, time dilation, dilation, terminal velocity, gluons, electroweak, vision correction, evidence, diagram, inelastic, perfectly, discuss, thermal equilibrium, capillary action, unification, thermal, diffraction grating, correction, normal force, quantization, explain answer, grating, polarization, atomic number, capillary, surface tension, thermal energy, answer, origin, static, negligible, terminal, laser, vision, diffraction] Explain Observations, Explain, Observations explain observations, explain, observations, define, answers, responses, choice, refractive indices, laser vision, centrifuge
280 44 280_23 23_23__ [23 23, 23, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 23 23 23 23, 23, , , , , , , ,
281 44 281_explain explain_91_92_explain [explain explain, 91, 92, explain, state state, 99, state, 37, 36, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Explain Explain, Explain, State State explain explain, 91, 92, explain, state state, 99, state, 37, 36,
282 44 282_review_questions_solution step_yes [review, questions, solution step, yes, step, solution solution, solution, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Review, Questions, Solution Step review, questions, solution step, yes, step, solution solution, solution, , ,
283 44 283_amino_amino acid_amino group_group [amino, amino acid, amino group, group, carboxyl, amino acids, carboxyl group, acid, acids, chain, peptide, peptide bond, amine, atom group, hydrogen atom, glycine, bonds form, polypeptide, peptide bonds, central carbon, hydrogen bonds, ester, atom, linked, functional group, carbonyl group, functional, backbone, carbonyl, bonds, bond, terminal, hydrogen, central, incoming, polar, oxygen atom, phosphate, covalent bond, nonpolar, partially, contain, structure, counteract, bonded, amide, chain figure, chains, acidic, basic] Amino, Amino Acid, Amino Group amino, amino acid, amino group, group, carboxyl, amino acids, carboxyl group, acid, acids, chain
284 44 284_lake_endemic_extinction_species [lake, endemic, extinction, species, islands, america, south america, africa, asia, extinct, biodiversity, fish, island, accidental, bush, gone, threat, exotic species, hunting, snake, threatened, tropics, died, south, critically, exotic, species species, figure 47, predator, meat, extinctions, endangered, 000 years, introduction, primates, geographic, brown, area, caused, land, freshwater, naturally, forest, pigeon, 200, led, zoo, rapid, clearing, stories] Lake, Endemic, Extinction lake, endemic, extinction, species, islands, america, south america, africa, asia, extinct
285 44 285_21 21_21__ [21 21, 21, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 21 21 21 21, 21, , , , , , , ,
286 44 286_electromagnetic_wavelength_waves_radio [electromagnetic, wavelength, waves, radio, microwaves, electromagnetic waves, radio waves, electromagnetic radiation, uv, electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength light, produced currents, visible light, visible, infrared, spectrum, acts like, like ray, light, radiation, frequency, ultraviolet uv, electromagnetic wave, interacts, millimeter, long distance, acts, details, ultraviolet, highest, em waves, light wavelength, gamma rays, low frequency, long, frequencies, ir, small compared, macroscopic, high frequency, submicroscopic, smaller, rays, currents, gamma, explains, compared, wavelengths, travel, microwave] Electromagnetic, Wavelength, Waves electromagnetic, wavelength, waves, radio, microwaves, electromagnetic waves, radio waves, electromagnetic radiation, uv, electromagnetic spectrum
287 44 287_antimatter_strong force_nuclear force_weak [antimatter, strong force, nuclear force, weak, weak nuclear, particles, strong, weak force, feel, strong nuclear, nuclear, nuclear forces, conservation laws, counterparts, force, lifetimes, quark, matter antimatter, quarks, decay, hadrons, baryon, forces, leptons, carrier particles, fundamental forces, fundamental, substructure, nearly identical, strong weak, substructures, guts, fundamental particles, conservation, unification forces, electromagnetic force, matter, carrier, figure 33, flavor, unification, laws, particle, carry, coulomb force, range, shall, lifetime, identical, fundamental particle] Antimatter, Strong Force, Nuclear Force antimatter, strong force, nuclear force, weak, weak nuclear, particles, strong, weak force, feel, strong nuclear
288 44 288_https_click view_view content_org [https, click view, view content, org, https openstax, content https, click, openstax org, openstax, content, view, http, commons, wikimedia, user, www, wikimedia commons, index, gov, red algae, mammals, website, primates, neon, cancer institute, national cancer, cancer, photosynthetic, https www, slime mold, learn, multicellular, placental, 2012, claws, talk, au, primate, algae, wolf, tardigrades, credit, reproduce sexually, evidence suggests, major groups, proto, category, engulfed, red, mold] Https, Click View, View Content https, click view, view content, org, https openstax, content https, click, openstax org, openstax, content
289 43 289_embryo_embryonic_germ_development [embryo, embryonic, germ, development, embryos, developmental, stem cells, embryonic development, programmed, cell type, ectoderm, larval, cells, tissue types, stages, stage, cell mass, stem, early, organogenesis, formation, layers, including humans, differentiation, develop, gonads, organ systems, germ layers, blastula, nematodes, cells called, gives rise, eggs, fertilized, neural, rise, organs, female, express, cells help, inside female, cross sections, adult, themes, human embryo, layers called, embryological development, marsupial, genes determine, fixed] Embryo, Embryonic, Germ embryo, embryonic, germ, development, embryos, developmental, stem cells, embryonic development, programmed, cell type
290 43 290_gel_fragments_dna_genomic dna [gel, fragments, dna, genomic dna, band, genomic, nucleic, northern, southern, grown, nylon, nucleic acid, scientists, fluorescent, amplify, technique, sequences, basis, figure 17, read, detect, run, bands, dna rna, nucleic acids, sequence, lab, stained, scientists use, size, scanner, ladder, sizes, 14 dna, electrode, rice, loaded, dye, separate, rna, dyes, dna sequence, institute, fragment, specific, 17, short, chain reaction, separates, electric current] Gel, Fragments, Dna gel, fragments, dna, genomic dna, band, genomic, nucleic, northern, southern, grown
291 43 291_eye_farsightedness_nearsightedness_vision [eye, farsightedness, nearsightedness, vision, distant, retina, lens, accommodation, focused, eyeglasses, distant objects, corrected, glasses, lenses, spectacle, correct, clearly, inability, correction, lens eye, cornea, contact lenses, defect, focus, objects, power, converge, close, age, people, adjust, lasik, rays light, converging, contact, point, near, condition, wearing, prescription, person, fitting, serving, vision correction, converging lens, image, nearest, ability, eyes, accommodate] Eye, Farsightedness, Nearsightedness eye, farsightedness, nearsightedness, vision, distant, retina, lens, accommodation, focused, eyeglasses
292 43 292_connection questions_visual connection_visual_questions [connection questions, visual connection, visual, questions, connection, scale, review, intermediate, smallest, produce, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Connection Questions, Visual Connection, Visual connection questions, visual connection, visual, questions, connection, scale, review, intermediate, smallest, produce
293 43 293_relativity_maxwell_maxwell equations_observers [relativity, maxwell, maxwell equations, observers, different observers, ampere law, special relativity, magnetism, ampere, special, law, speed light, symmetric, law induction, faraday law, gravitational, frames, classical physics, dealt, encompasses, speeds, faraday, taken account, equations, classical, objects, induction, inertial frames, laws, einstein, study, measure, gravitational force, phenomenon, electromagnetic force, postulates, lenz law, event, fields, adds, lenz, velocities, approximation, physics, speed, relative, relativistic, electric fields, inertial, light] Relativity, Maxwell, Maxwell Equations relativity, maxwell, maxwell equations, observers, different observers, ampere law, special relativity, magnetism, ampere, special
294 42 294_mimicry_budding_meristem_flowers [mimicry, budding, meristem, flowers, tracheids, violet flowers, companion, stigma, epiphyte, fruit, algae, vessel elements, mosses, violet, roots, apical meristem, liverworts, moss, club, axial, ovule, alternation generations, alternation, apical, cap, green algae, vascular, epidermis, generations, phloem, xylem, vessel, asexual, horsetail, mosses ferns, mosses liverworts, brown algae, questions 16, grafting, charales, phloem cells, layering, nitrogen fixing, vascular bundles, thorns, parenchyma cells, integument, slime molds, tissue xylem, chlorarachniophytes] Mimicry, Budding, Meristem mimicry, budding, meristem, flowers, tracheids, violet flowers, companion, stigma, epiphyte, fruit
295 42 295_credit_flickr_wikimedia commons_wikimedia [credit, flickr, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, jon, army, positive feedback, feedback loop, electromagnetic, reflection, public, microwaves, antimatter, infrared, nasa, feedback, computer, national, dimensional image, mysteries, optical, faster rate, human ear, optical systems, use work, tremendous range, electromagnetic waves, mean say, conversation, distinctions, frank, various ways, rays created, law thermodynamics, dark, range radiation, absorber, laboratory, means, angle reflection, sonic booms, use ray, natural sciences, rainbows, angle incidence, art, hologram, 2007, happens] Credit, Flickr, Wikimedia Commons credit, flickr, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, jon, army, positive feedback, feedback loop, electromagnetic
296 42 296_lake_river_stream_ocean [lake, river, stream, ocean, water, ice, oceans, pond, global warming, surface water, denser, surface, beneath, underground, warming, lakes, valley, lakes ponds, glaciers, fast moving, groundwater, ice water, ponds, warms, sea, lava, depths, runoff, global, insulating, salt water, water temperature, waters, wind, earth, temperature water, slows, width, arrows, pushes, summer, stores, flowing, liquid water, raise, channel, rise, reservoir, water significant, fast] Lake, River, Stream lake, river, stream, ocean, water, ice, oceans, pond, global warming, surface water
297 42 297_ocean_carbon_sediments_atmosphere [ocean, carbon, sediments, atmosphere, phosphorus, land, terrestrial, methane, incorporated, living, living organisms, hydrocarbons, reservoirs, decomposition, carbon cycle, soil, phosphate, inorganic, nutrients, nitrogen, organic, rocks, geothermal, organic inorganic, geologic, groundwater, major component, dies, terrestrial ecosystems, coal, food webs, webs, dealing, living organism, fertilizers, water air, cycling, runoff, nucleic acid, available, rock, natural gas, returns, organisms, environments, oceans, ecosystems, organism, exchange, cycle] Ocean, Carbon, Sediments ocean, carbon, sediments, atmosphere, phosphorus, land, terrestrial, methane, incorporated, living
298 42 298_calculating_example_example 11_example 12 [calculating, example, example 11, example 12, example calculating, example 31, does, example 17, example 19, turbulent, subshells, long does, curve, 11, centripetal acceleration, dense, deformation, great, car tire, water depth, second example, depth, air force, 12 flow, level example, centripetal, totals, speed example, ultracentrifuge, example using, rate example, creates pressure, 12 10, exert, force exerted, example 18, 11 10, example 28, intensity levels, soccer, 12 11, lawn mower, far does, reach speed, decibel, bathroom scale, electrons shell, wheelbarrow, shorten, pressure force] Calculating, Example, Example 11 calculating, example, example 11, example 12, example calculating, example 31, does, example 17, example 19, turbulent
299 42 299_38___ [38, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 38, , , , , , , , ,
300 42 300_soil_soils_horizon_inorganic [soil, soils, horizon, inorganic, organic, organic material, material, mineral, layer, organic matter, major components, organic inorganic, rock, physical chemical, sand, layers, surface earth, nodules, loose, formation, water minerals, plant, consists, vegetation, moisture, broken, covers, broken smaller, results production, deposited, primarily, matter, plant plant, improves, decomposed, microorganisms, chemical processes, parent, minerals, clay, water air, nitrogen, biological, accumulation, fine, nutrients, formed, slowly, composed, promote] Soil, Soils, Horizon soil, soils, horizon, inorganic, organic, organic material, material, mineral, layer, organic matter
301 42 301_bowl_soup_drop_place [bowl, soup, drop, place, cork, straw, spoon, bottle, roll, cooking, surface water, remove, oven, foil, marble, fork, minutes, oil, fly, seconds, pea, glass, freshly, small hole, hot, dough, longer period, bench, kiwi, wrap, heat source, lump, upside, walled, container, sticks, wait, air glass, middle, lid, olive oil, filtering, water table, water boiling, funnel, heat, strawberry, jar, olive, drop water] Bowl, Soup, Drop bowl, soup, drop, place, cork, straw, spoon, bottle, roll, cooking
302 41 302_65_68__ [65, 68, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 65, 68, , , , , , , ,
303 41 303_angular_net external_momentum_newton second [angular, net external, momentum, newton second, external force, net, angular velocity, second law, rotational, newton, angular acceleration, torque, external, acceleration, collision, rate change, conservation momentum, circular, change angle, kinetic energy, kinetic, change momentum, circular path, conservation, rotational kinetic, circular motion, velocity, force, linear momentum, total momentum, vehicle, inertia, curve, analog, 10 angular, angle, road, law, analogous, arc length, uniform circular, internal kinetic, substituting, frame reference, motion, momentum given, motion motion, second, fictitious, moment inertia] Angular, Net External, Momentum angular, net external, momentum, newton second, external force, net, angular velocity, second law, rotational, newton
304 41 304_vector_triangle_vector magnitude_vectors [vector, triangle, vector magnitude, vectors, axis axis, axis, subtraction, arc length, direction, magnitude, opposite direction, arc, analytical method, resultant, vectors using, angle, analytical, note, pythagorean theorem, pythagorean, positive direction, direction vector, area inside, resultant vector, length, negative, scalar, circular path, addition subtraction, formed, displacements, vector addition, theorem, multiplied, perpendicular, circle, arrow, opposite, addition, area, variable, straight line, vertical, perpendicular wall, solve note, points, given radius, using analytical, using perpendicular, add vectors] Vector, Triangle, Vector Magnitude vector, triangle, vector magnitude, vectors, axis axis, axis, subtraction, arc length, direction, magnitude
305 41 305_books biology_multimedia_multimedia content_biology 2e [books biology, multimedia, multimedia content, biology 2e, access multimedia, access, org books, 2e pages, books, pages, 2e, content https, content, biology, https, https openstax, openstax, openstax org, org, protists, gene regulation, regulation, atoms isotopes, gene, amphibians, 35 neurons, eukaryotic, transcription, neurons, building blocks, prokaryotic, muscle contraction, epigenetic, able following, proximate, gene expression, contraction, chordates, homeostasis, behavioral biology, 10 cell, gymnosperms, activator, eukaryotic transcription, groups, body temperature, blocks, behaviors, intermediate filaments, fragmentation] Books Biology, Multimedia, Multimedia Content books biology, multimedia, multimedia content, biology 2e, access multimedia, access, org books, 2e pages, books, pages
306 41 306_37___ [37, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 37, , , , , , , , ,
307 41 307_infections_disease_aureus_fungal infections [infections, disease, aureus, fungal infections, fungal, skin, infection, diseases, bacterial, fever, causes, systemic, disease humans, sleeping sickness, nails, emerging, brucei, bubonic plague, sleeping, bubonic, hospital, cause, sickness, african, plague, infects, spread, patients, virus, respiratory, biofilms, fatal, pathogenic, media, severe, recently, humans, symptoms, estimated, sin, strain, caused, rash, estimated 200, food poisoning, 22 20, agent, identified, fungi, underlying tissue] Infections, Disease, Aureus infections, disease, aureus, fungal infections, fungal, skin, infection, diseases, bacterial, fever
308 41 308_71_81_89_ [71, 81, 89, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 71, 81, 89, , , , , , ,
309 41 309____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
310 41 310_later_later chapter_discussed later_chapter [later, later chapter, discussed later, chapter, discussed, sections, explored, things great, described, chapters, section, module, read, illustrate various, theory based, chemical kinetics, illustrate, depth, important point, analytical techniques, following sections, described section, theme, sampling, latency, discussed section, lattice energies, text, reader, looked, examples, concept, things, explanations, kinetics, concepts, dimensional kinematics, concentrate, great, long time, decibels, evolutionary history, postulates, geometries, submicroscopic, examined, encountered, emerge, representation, deal] Later, Later Chapter, Discussed Later later, later chapter, discussed later, chapter, discussed, sections, explored, things great, described, chapters
311 41 311_plague_bubonic_million people_bubonic plague [plague, bubonic, million people, bubonic plague, world population, killed, million, 000, people, species extinct, potato, percent, estimated, population, europe, 000 years, years, outbreak, extinct, records, elm, nineteenth, nineteenth century, london, century, quarter, war, death, approximately, past, city, world, ancient, 75, introduced, 80, estimated 200, 200, 100, lives, led, global, 60 percent, original population, swamps, 80 000, type selection, artifacts, 500, 80 percent] Plague, Bubonic, Million People plague, bubonic, million people, bubonic plague, world population, killed, million, 000, people, species extinct
312 40 312_attractions_intermolecular_water molecules_molecules [attractions, intermolecular, water molecules, molecules, attractive forces, liquid, hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonding, liquids, molecules liquid, attractive, solute, solvent, nonpolar, ethanol, stronger, dispersion, dispersion forces, forces, relatively, overcome, recapture, vapor pressures, vaporization, molecules water, vapor, phases, bonding, imfs, intermolecular forces, liquids solids, hydrogen, vapor pressure, physical properties, water, colloidal, bonds, weaker, cellulose, yielding, hydrophobic, strong, crystals, oh, attracted, strengths, exhibits, molecules collide, molecule like, rate decreases] Attractions, Intermolecular, Water Molecules attractions, intermolecular, water molecules, molecules, attractive forces, liquid, hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonding, liquids, molecules liquid
313 40 313_dimensional_newton_newton second_dimensional kinematics [dimensional, newton, newton second, dimensional kinematics, newton laws, motion, second law, strategies, dimensional motion, kinematics, motion equations, special case, solving strategies, curved, special, equations, problem solving, laws, acceleration dimension, free body, apply, using newton, equations constant, solve, problem, kinematic equations, acceleration, motion motion, change time, direction vector, kinematic, analyzing, extensively, constant acceleration, dimension, statics, horizontal vertical, solving, change velocity, solved, second, direction, body diagram, presented, motions, law motion, trip, law, diagrams, dimensions] Dimensional, Newton, Newton Second dimensional, newton, newton second, dimensional kinematics, newton laws, motion, second law, strategies, dimensional motion, kinematics
314 40 314_entropy increases_hot air_entropy_heat [entropy increases, hot air, entropy, heat, hot, transfer, energy change, surroundings, heat transfer, law conservation, air rises, energy transferred, doing work, unavailability, unavailability energy, calorimeter, increases, rises, transferred, doing, says, ice, work heat, internal energy, conservation energy, energy available, temperature difference, transfer heat, hot cold, water temperature, energy, work, destroyed, energy work, bottle, available, disorder, cold, energy stored, energy transformations, disorder unavailability, temperature, going, cold hot, occurs spontaneously, identify type, final result, unavailable work, conservation, air] Entropy Increases, Hot Air, Entropy entropy increases, hot air, entropy, heat, hot, transfer, energy change, surroundings, heat transfer, law conservation
315 40 315_carbon dioxide_dioxide_fossil fuels_fuels [carbon dioxide, dioxide, fossil fuels, fuels, fossil, carbon, greenhouse, greenhouse gases, burning, burning fossil, atmosphere, dioxide atmosphere, coal, releases, global, release carbon, released, gases, nitrous oxide, greenhouse effect, methane, ozone, atmospheric carbon, atmospheric, global climate, nitrous, oceans, major, bicarbonate, majority, climate change, reservoir, greatly, scientists think, bonds different, forces responsible, amounts, second carbon, dioxide hydrogen, blood oxygen, atmospheric gases, water vapor, energy directly, industrial production, release, gases atmosphere, stores energy, process photosynthesis, acidification, today] Carbon Dioxide, Dioxide, Fossil Fuels carbon dioxide, dioxide, fossil fuels, fuels, fossil, carbon, greenhouse, greenhouse gases, burning, burning fossil
316 40 316_solve_use equation_equation_finding [solve, use equation, equation, finding, integer, equation solve, unknowns, subtraction, note, simpler, want, define, solve note, quadratic equation, final velocities, solution problem, best, log, denominator, algebraically, probability, solve equation, prime, experimental evidence, quadratic, average distance, doubles, heights, rule, unknown, rearrange equation, parentheses, product rule, format, equation relating, subtract, fits, square root, use, includes, calculator, helpful, total resistance, simplify, continued, cancels, displacement, elapsed time, contributions, reaching] Solve, Use Equation, Equation solve, use equation, equation, finding, integer, equation solve, unknowns, subtraction, note, simpler
317 40 317_flagella_protists_flagellum_cilia [flagella, protists, flagellum, cilia, locomotion, cell divides, paramecium, singular, entire cell, divides, supergroup, hair like, anchor, organelles, silica, vacuoles, outward, cytoplasm, shaped, like, cytoplasmic, protist, little, needle, cell, extend, feeding, figure 23, tails, 23 26, substrate, structures, pole, lobed, grooves, stage development, cytoskeletal, recruit, shaped like, hair, bubonic plague, work cdc, surfaces, asymmetrical, cell nucleus, nucleus cell, terminal, embryo, extensions, giving rise] Flagella, Protists, Flagellum flagella, protists, flagellum, cilia, locomotion, cell divides, paramecium, singular, entire cell, divides
318 40 318____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
319 40 319_nuclei_nuclear forces_neutrons_nucleons [nuclei, nuclear forces, neutrons, nucleons, stability, nuclear, protons, coulomb, ranged, tightly bound, tightly, protons neutrons, repulsion, low mass, progressively, bound, nuclides, nuclear force, repulsive, nucleus, nucleon, coulomb force, modes, numbers, numbers protons, explaining, number nucleons, attraction, attractive, uncharged, electrons protons, forces, stable, increasingly, reveal, shell, indicate, overcome, drop, closed, substructure, decay, heavier, abundance, details, band, substructure nucleus, explain atomic, shells, 1932] Nuclei, Nuclear Forces, Neutrons nuclei, nuclear forces, neutrons, nucleons, stability, nuclear, protons, coulomb, ranged, tightly bound
320 39 320_40___ [40, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 40, , , , , , , , ,
321 39 321_substitute known_substitute_rearrange_rearrange equation [substitute known, substitute, rearrange, rearrange equation, solve, appropriate equation, equation solve, numerical, units, solve unknown, equation, appropriate, known values, obtain, unknown, solutions, values equation, complete, solve problem, quantities units, known quantities, knowns, insert, known, use information, simplify, conversion factor, english, metric, values, conversion, quantities, units use, customary, manner, algebra, use, equations, solve equation, dimensional analysis, quadratic, example use, equation equation, plus minus, reynolds number, conversion factors, easiest, reynolds, unit conversion, powers] Substitute Known, Substitute, Rearrange substitute known, substitute, rearrange, rearrange equation, solve, appropriate equation, equation solve, numerical, units, solve unknown
322 39 322_chromosome_syndrome_abnormalities_chromosomes [chromosome, syndrome, abnormalities, chromosomes, chromosome number, chromosomal, disorders, identifiable, phenotypically, wild type, copy, genotype, females, inactivation, allele, wild, inherited, 21, mild, corresponds, dominant, sex, characterized, viable, chromatin, structural, epigenetic, embryonic development, gene, develop, individual, embryonic, face, type, individuals, breasts, delays, 13 chromosomal, 13 10, 13 15, trait, mutation, squash, inactivate, pole, 18 21, 13, characterized presence, fertility, michael] Chromosome, Syndrome, Abnormalities chromosome, syndrome, abnormalities, chromosomes, chromosome number, chromosomal, disorders, identifiable, phenotypically, wild type
323 39 323_nuclear weapons_weapons_career_coal [nuclear weapons, weapons, career, coal, gender, arm, mass momentum, plant responses, fallout, disorderly, public health, merge, organisms earth, lack, described species, dihydrogen, gene therapy, infants, philosophy, virology, law constant, enzyme substrate, speaking, india, shocks, nuclear, think, enzyme activity, decide, energy resources, mismatch, align, trimester, structured, proved, targets, discussing, liquid nitrogen, seasonal, males females, puts, low frequency, referring, replicated, contributed, understanding, adapt, economic, galileo, boils] Nuclear Weapons, Weapons, Career nuclear weapons, weapons, career, coal, gender, arm, mass momentum, plant responses, fallout, disorderly
324 39 324_navy_credit_credit navy_credit nasa [navy, credit, credit navy, credit nasa, flickr, photo, army, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, figure 34, nasa, ray image, esa, device used, 34, figure 30, cage, university, color vision, dark matter, communication, image, phase change, ray, dimensional image, 21 28, 23 26, mit, used magnetic, 26 color, 14 21, 30 31, protruding, collections, 25 11, location size, contact lenses, daniel, mike, faster speed, geological survey, computed tomography, constant expression, reproducible, university california, 30, stratosphere, iceberg, atoms isotopes] Navy, Credit, Credit Navy navy, credit, credit navy, credit nasa, flickr, photo, army, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons
325 39 325_cancer_researchers_drug_therapies [cancer, researchers, drug, therapies, gene expression, disease, scientists, detection, medicines, specific, gene, cancer cells, expression, drugs, understand, cells viruses, target, viruses bacteria, protein, certain types, tumor cells, specifically, tumor, regulation gene, professionals, diseases, researchers use, targets, study, targeted, laid, ongoing, tumors, treatments, viruses, treatment, identify, early, altered, millions, design, studying, therapy, research, develop, new, certain, types, working, help] Cancer, Researchers, Drug cancer, researchers, drug, therapies, gene expression, disease, scientists, detection, medicines, specific
326 39 326_solution solution_solution_strategy solution_strategy [solution solution, solution, strategy solution, strategy, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Solution Solution, Strategy Solution, Strategy solution solution, solution, strategy solution, strategy, , , , , ,
327 38 327_standing waves_closed end_standing_resonant [standing waves, closed end, standing, resonant, tube, instruments, maximum air, resonant frequencies, fundamental, closed, string, tuning fork, tuning, nodes, overtone, ends, sounds, open, frequencies, overtones, pitch, displacements, fork, lowest, frequency, waves, open ends, tube closed, fundamental frequency, end, sound, dimensional, just right, maximum, antinode, vibrating string, air column, tube open, air columns, musical instruments, wave, air, interferes, musical, fourth, continuing, tubes, length, guitar, vibrating] Standing Waves, Closed End, Standing standing waves, closed end, standing, resonant, tube, instruments, maximum air, resonant frequencies, fundamental, closed
328 38 328_damping_damped_oscillator_harmonic oscillator [damping, damped, oscillator, harmonic oscillator, harmonic, equilibrium, critically, equilibrium position, natural frequency, displaced, direction displacement, amplitude, damped harmonic, period frequency, experiences, frequency, critical, net force, driving, oscillate, displacement, position, simple harmonic, returns, quickly, oscillations, said, figure 16, moves, unstable, torque, possible, period, natural, direction opposite, slowly, oscillating, resonance, gradually, want, simple, harmonic motion, curves, decreases, pendulum, net, opposite direction, return, resonance occurs, overdamped] Damping, Damped, Oscillator damping, damped, oscillator, harmonic oscillator, harmonic, equilibrium, critically, equilibrium position, natural frequency, displaced
329 38 329_thinking questions_critical thinking_thinking_deserts [thinking questions, critical thinking, thinking, deserts, forests, self, questions 16, critical, questions, tropical, selection, butterflies, bees, retain, aids, wind, immunity, systemic, hormonal, hiv, flies, wet, data, probably, articular cartilage, type, lubrication, prevent damage, infection, patients, embryological development, marine ecosystems, salts water, sterilization, reinforcement, volcanic activity, organisms earth, progressive, implants, embryological, seizures, mellitus, diversifying, diabetes mellitus, essential nutrients, incomplete dominance, 21, disease, quorum sensing, water balance] Thinking Questions, Critical Thinking, Thinking thinking questions, critical thinking, thinking, deserts, forests, self, questions 16, critical, questions, tropical
330 38 330_operon_trp_lactose_tryptophan [operon, trp, lactose, tryptophan, trp operon, absent, transcription, bind, binds, cap, transcribed, coli, glucose, present, transcribe, activated, protein, promoter, present cell, genes, activator, protein binds, molecules bind, encodes, binding, polymerase, promote, turned, alternative, rna polymerase, synthesize, regulated, site, sugars, synthesized, genes transcribed, transcription transcription, local environment, does need, initiator, bind promoter, needed, table 16, proteins bind, plentiful, effective, stabilize, prevent, regulators, galactose] Operon, Trp, Lactose operon, trp, lactose, tryptophan, trp operon, absent, transcription, bind, binds, cap
331 38 331____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
332 38 332_momentum important_innumerable_units use_let look [momentum important, innumerable, units use, let look, quite, gemstone, invisible, cardiac output, decibel, look, consuming, chaos, interpreted, clarity, total momentum, opposition, stress strain, milky way, penetrating, compares, catabolic, milky, insulators, straight, nerve cells, popular, noticed, possibilities, rough, conventional, exceptions, tennis, decades, briefly, repulsion, obvious, path, consequences, genomes, scattered, submerged, huge, topic, alternative, simultaneously, bright, approaches, places, happen, words] Momentum Important, Innumerable, Units Use momentum important, innumerable, units use, let look, quite, gemstone, invisible, cardiac output, decibel, look
333 38 333_41_23 25_84_65 [41, 23 25, 84, 65, 56, 53, 42, 44, 34, 32, 27, 23, 25, 17, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 23 25 41, 23 25, 84, 65, 56, 53, 42, 44, 34, 32
334 38 334_diseases_disease_emerging_polio [diseases, disease, emerging, polio, epidemics, infectious, incidence, health, worldwide, public health, infectious diseases, lyme, outbreak, outbreaks, european, spread, endemic, bacterial, human population, public, vaccines, control, cdc, world, centers, geographic, population growth, population, antibiotics, figure 22, brought, occurred, diseases like, 22 26, increasing, 22 23, century, transmission, 22, impact, cell produce, vaccinations, parts world, lyme disease, events occur, monitored, investigations, 1940s, 2007, high concentrations] Diseases, Disease, Emerging diseases, disease, emerging, polio, epidemics, infectious, incidence, health, worldwide, public health
335 37 335_observers_astronaut_speed light_simultaneous [observers, astronaut, speed light, simultaneous, frame, different observers, observer, events, speed, relative speed, relative, reach speed, gravitational, having mass, infinite, light, time, elapsed, simultaneously, measures, different distances, particle having, electric forces, gravitational force, moving, different, moving velocity, energy velocity, times longer, longer time, speed limit, distance, provide information, incorrectly, does result, speeds, implication, length distance, weightlessness, cavendish, measured, binoculars, observer measures, clocks, time travel, distance light, gravitational field, preceding example, moving speed, distances] Observers, Astronaut, Speed Light observers, astronaut, speed light, simultaneous, frame, different observers, observer, events, speed, relative speed
336 37 336_galaxy_galaxies_light years_andromeda [galaxy, galaxies, light years, andromeda, stars, hubble, years, red shift, milky, universe, away, local, milky way, distant, closest, supernova, bang, big bang, quasars, 000, shift, times mass, light, proportional distance, way galaxy, big, billion, away earth, cluster, 100 000, cloud, times, billion years, clouds, black holes, ago, black, explosion, coming, word, million, lies, sun, red, star, visible, 100, relatively close, holes, million years] Galaxy, Galaxies, Light Years galaxy, galaxies, light years, andromeda, stars, hubble, years, red shift, milky, universe
337 37 337_kingdom_clade_clades_paraphyletic [kingdom, clade, clades, paraphyletic, animals, debated, closely related, descendants, evolutionary relationships, charophytes, morphological, closely, members, fungi, features, protist, earliest, phylogenetic tree, belong, relationships, common ancestor, classes, land plants, tree, modern, ancestor, phylogenetic, group animals, group does, following, animals figure, plants, group, does need, animal plant, reproduce, vertebrates, charales, marker, specialized tissues, phylum chordata, chordate, common, important factor, shares, supergroups, phylum, animals fungi, genetic, single point] Kingdom, Clade, Clades kingdom, clade, clades, paraphyletic, animals, debated, closely related, descendants, evolutionary relationships, charophytes
338 37 338_acid_base_conjugate_dissolves water [acid, base, conjugate, dissolves water, conjugate base, acid base, ions, dissolves, ammonia, weak, inert, proton, ion, ammonium, reacts, dissolving, brønsted lowry, yield, hydronium, lowry, brønsted, conjugate acid, strong acid, bicarbonate, weak acid, ionization, reacts water, acetic, acetic acid, ph solution, anions, hydroxide, ammonium ion, acceptor, cations, transferring, weak base, water, strong, water form, accept, chloride, carbonic acid, water molecules, lewis acid, carbonate, carbonic, bases, hydroxide ions, hf] Acid, Base, Conjugate acid, base, conjugate, dissolves water, conjugate base, acid base, ions, dissolves, ammonia, weak
339 37 339_rust_iron_corrosion_oxidized [rust, iron, corrosion, oxidized, white, exposed, untreated, finely, metal, alloys, alloy, oxygen water, steel, copper, zinc, metals, paint, nickel, burn, oxidize, silver, pigment, pieces, chromium, aluminum, protected, tin, fluorine, plating, readily, copper silver, automotive, silver gold, oxides, reduction potential, zinc oxide, example small, gold, grinding, painted, trichloride, slowly, 230, relative amounts, cans, earth crust, spontaneous reaction, contaminants, example reaction, example large] Rust, Iron, Corrosion rust, iron, corrosion, oxidized, white, exposed, untreated, finely, metal, alloys
340 37 340_rate constant_order reaction_rate_order [rate constant, order reaction, rate, order, rate law, second order, reaction, law reaction, reaction order, rate reaction, decomposition, half life, reaction rate, constant, respect, reaction reaction, overall, constant reaction, law, reaction following, activation energy, concentration, arrhenius equation, arrhenius, second, constant rate, order rate, kinetics, concentration reactant, half, activation, hydrogen peroxide, peroxide, initial concentration, describes, consistent, life, reactant, decreases, reaction aqueous, slope intercept, particular, particular reaction, reaction activation, slow rate, zero, reaction second, law equation, stoichiometry reaction, oxygen concentration] Rate Constant, Order Reaction, Rate rate constant, order reaction, rate, order, rate law, second order, reaction, law reaction, reaction order, rate reaction
341 37 341_males_females_chimpanzees_eggs [males, females, chimpanzees, eggs, young, lizards, sexual dimorphism, fish, dimorphism, throat, sexes, sea stars, shark, sea, metamorphosis, butterflies, season, tail, snakes, resemble, larval, insects, strongly, mate, signals, develop, birth, male, female, red, seahorse, voices, similar seen, aural, medium sized, adult, larger, 20 30, scorpions, species, marsupial, second step, stars, pouch, high level, seen, tactile, prefer, 30 percent, arboreal] Males, Females, Chimpanzees males, females, chimpanzees, eggs, young, lizards, sexual dimorphism, fish, dimorphism, throat
342 36 342_trophic_consumers_primary producers_primary [trophic, consumers, primary producers, primary, producers, biomass, productivity, primary consumers, level, ecosystem, primary productivity, net primary, apex, organisms, web, food web, food chain, levels, food, generated, energy lost, net, efficiently, ecosystems, unit area, available, figure 46, 46, accounting, photosynthetic organisms, efficiency, energy content, tertiary, acquire, square meter, energy available, total mass, english, respiration, springs, flows, chain, lost, energy, ecological, feed, channel, area, dynamics, higher] Trophic, Consumers, Primary Producers trophic, consumers, primary producers, primary, producers, biomass, productivity, primary consumers, level, ecosystem
343 36 343_delivery_vagina_labor_penis [delivery, vagina, labor, penis, placenta, baby, expulsion, vaginal, cervix, uterus, birth, contractions, fetus, sterilization, secretions, sperm, muscles, expelled, stage, gland, triggers, breast, preventing, contract, aid, breathing, serves, accessory organs, mike, propelled, muscles contract, dilate, mouths, urethra, surgical, 10 cm, males, involuntary, drains, organ, period, feeling, rectum, swallowing, reflex, semen, abdominal, trimester, hips, uterine] Delivery, Vagina, Labor delivery, vagina, labor, penis, placenta, baby, expulsion, vaginal, cervix, uterus
344 36 344_chapter_genomics_evolution_evolution connection [chapter, genomics, evolution, evolution connection, genome sequencing, rna splicing, biological macromolecules, different organisms, connection, seedless plants, disorders, sequencing, genome, biotechnology, splicing, animal, seedless, genomes, ecology, inheritance, alternative, seed plants, map, macromolecules, 17, adapted, 45, rash, arctic fox, figure, consisting, navigate, history life, figure atoms, proximate, themes, photosynthesis figure, reproduction, life, mendel, sequences, connection evolution, low cost, disease humans, composite, dna, animal diversity, catalog, plants like, midrib] Genomics, Evolution, Evolution Connection chapter, genomics, evolution, evolution connection, genome sequencing, rna splicing, biological macromolecules, different organisms, connection, seedless plants
345 36 345_galileo_newton_franklin_kepler [galileo, newton, franklin, kepler, discover, verified, did, credited, discoveries, motions, cause, astronomical, realized, calculus, falling, apple, gravitational force, observations, telescopes, gravitation, bodies, laws motion, discovered, planets, gravity, version, nature, universal, telescope, demonstrated, american, gravitational, magnetic fields, use work, 1887, law, connection, scientist, character light, coulomb, 1932, laws, answered, pioneer, moons, dogma, suppressed, unity, following question, inspired] Galileo, Newton, Franklin galileo, newton, franklin, kepler, discover, verified, did, credited, discoveries, motions
346 36 346_reserve_volume_tidal_residual [reserve, volume, tidal, residual, potentials, le, equivalence, 50 percent, greenhouse, doing work, digit, mechanical, digits, change, mechanical energy, reactants products, doing, signifies, octahedron, tl, called carbon, derived directly, position relative, elements react, law multiple, written, te, longer time, count number, measured value, different units, multiple proportions, water molecules, transmitted, walls container, vertical position, mass action, react form, pressure transmitted, nonstandard, component force, law mass, energy dissipated, work needed, temperature reaction, units energy, change pressure, right triangle, aside, mass element] Reserve, Volume, Tidal reserve, volume, tidal, residual, potentials, le, equivalence, 50 percent, greenhouse, doing work
347 36 347_69_64__ [69, 64, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 69, 64, , , , , , , ,
348 36 348_windows_heating_stove_pot [windows, heating, stove, pot, cooling, climates, cold climates, air, greater pressure, pumps, heat loss, heat pumps, insulator, home, insulation, heat, good, house, summer, induction, interpreting, work best, wells, fan, hot summer, reduces, loss, efficient, outside, flow air, iron steel, cause damage, quite, gasoline, efficiencies, flow resistance, energy dissipated, temperature differences, pressure drops, work needed, discussions, silicate, cheaper, lightweight, leaks, solution using, lighting, population inversion, term used, transfer] Windows, Heating, Stove windows, heating, stove, pot, cooling, climates, cold climates, air, greater pressure, pumps
349 35 349_solution solution_solution_answer_solution step [solution solution, solution, answer, solution step, icl, solution answer, slit interference, solution given, hydrogen spectrum, solution calculate, wave optics, calculate average, possibility, average speed, double slit, optics, hours, largest, slit, hypothesis, spontaneous, test, requires, spectrum, convert, check learning, potential energy, interference, double, position, step, check, scale, wavelength, wave, average, section, power, potential, learning, speed, hydrogen, calculate, given, velocity, energy, , , , ] Solution Solution, Solution Step, Icl solution solution, solution, answer, solution step, icl, solution answer, slit interference, solution given, hydrogen spectrum, solution calculate
350 35 350_bernoulli_bernoulli equation_fluid_viscosity [bernoulli, bernoulli equation, fluid, viscosity, poiseuille law, poiseuille, flow, laminar flow, laminar, drag, fluid density, proportional, sphere, reynolds number, reynolds, object, drag force, depth, defined force, proportional speed, pressure defined, flow resistance, density fluid, pressure, radius, flow rate, incompressible, density, conservation energy, area, bernoulli principle, viscous, atmospheric pressure, coefficient, law, facing, equation, sectional area, given, dam, cross sectional, sectional, manometer, inversely proportional, defined, inversely, velocity, average velocity, atmospheric, tube] Bernoulli, Bernoulli Equation, Fluid bernoulli, bernoulli equation, fluid, viscosity, poiseuille law, poiseuille, flow, laminar flow, laminar, drag
351 35 351_86_explain_explain explain_ [86, explain, explain explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Explain, Explain Explain 86, explain, explain explain, , , , , , ,
352 35 352_http openstax_http_openstax_openstax org [http openstax, http, openstax, openstax org, org, link, link learning, video, modification work, modification, https, credit modification, https openstax, video https, learning, visit, select, credit, watch, learning watch, click, watch video, simulation, view, work, learning video, phet, wikimedia commons, russell, wikimedia, matt, commons, work nci, boyle law, nci, boyle, malaria, learning view, interactive, flickr, photo, mark, science, bar data, scale bar, pendulum, matt russell, data matt, site, fluid water] Http Openstax, Http, Openstax http openstax, http, openstax, openstax org, org, link, link learning, video, modification work, modification
353 35 353_39_50__ [39, 50, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 39, 50, , , , , , , ,
354 35 354_construct problem_problem calculate_construct_problem [construct problem, problem calculate, construct, problem, calculate, dish, calculate maximum, field strength, received, trip, needed, initial velocity, based, electromagnetic radiation, orbital speed, calculate resistance, location size, number people, excess charges, strength, stores energy, based number, calculate time, calculate distance, radioactive isotope, number particles, loop magnetic, supply, maximum torque, observed, calculate work, assessment, transfer methods, power lines, heater, image produced, maximum efficiency, ships, determine, photons second, energy particle, maximum, spectrometer, resistance, energy supplied, lens mirror, stored capacitor, magnetic field, efficiency, output voltage] Construct Problem, Problem Calculate, Construct construct problem, problem calculate, construct, problem, calculate, dish, calculate maximum, field strength, received, trip
355 35 355_phospholipids_bilayer_hydrophobic_phospholipid [phospholipids, bilayer, hydrophobic, phospholipid, plasma membrane, hydrophilic, membrane, plasma, lipids, tails, proteins carbohydrates, exterior, carbohydrates, attached, proteins, facing, phospholipid bilayer, lipids proteins, embedded, glycoproteins, mosaic, face, outward, fatty acid, fatty, cholesterol, aqueous solution, spontaneously, forming, aqueous, lipid, protein, heads, interact, coating, plasma membranes, regions, amino acids, carbohydrate, fluid, interior, acids, extracellular fluids, protruding, recall, extracellular, proteins plasma, carrier, form small, ligands] Phospholipids, Bilayer, Hydrophobic phospholipids, bilayer, hydrophobic, phospholipid, plasma membrane, hydrophilic, membrane, plasma, lipids, tails
356 35 356_103_105_104_100 [103, 105, 104, 100, 115, 114, 1300, 107, 108, bilateral symmetry, bilateral, symmetry, 27, 16, 11, 12, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Bilateral Symmetry 103, 105, 104, 100, 115, 114, 1300, 107, 108, bilateral symmetry
357 35 357____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
358 35 358_write lewis_write_lewis_lewis structures [write lewis, write, lewis, lewis structures, isomers, structures, lewis structure, resonance, structures molecules, resonance structures, resonance forms, structure molecule, structure following, condensed, formula, molecules ions, draw lewis, structural formula, distribution electrons, molecular geometry, iupac, arrangement atoms, considerations, formal charge, structural, draw, appropriate, structure, names, formal, ion, following, amide, nitrite ion, write chemical, predict molecular, pyridine, carbon atom, geometry, alkene, forms, carbon tetrachloride, arrangement, carbonate ion, hydrogen carbonate, alkane, correct, aromatic, tetrachloride, following molecules] Write Lewis, Write, Lewis write lewis, write, lewis, lewis structures, isomers, structures, lewis structure, resonance, structures molecules, resonance structures
359 35 359_moon_tides_coriolis_coriolis force [moon, tides, coriolis, coriolis force, earth, tidal, tropical, hemisphere, rotation, winds, low pressure, northern hemisphere, pull, orbit, reference frame, orbits, strongest, earth moon, frame, counterclockwise, southern, northern, gravitational, clockwise, velocity relative, rotates, low, stream, west, rotate, ship, day, velocity small, boulder, gravitational force, south, stationary, flow air, colorado, centripetal, zone, flea, low pressures, reference, descends, north american, predominantly, wind, flows, explode] Moon, Tides, Coriolis moon, tides, coriolis, coriolis force, earth, tidal, tropical, hemisphere, rotation, winds
360 35 360_23 23_23__ [23 23, 23, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 23 23 23 23, 23, , , , , , , ,
361 35 361_orbitals_antibonding_orbital_mixing [orbitals, antibonding, orbital, mixing, molecular orbital, degenerate, overlap, filled orbitals, higher energy, electrons, sigma, slightly different, atomic orbitals, subtracting, stable, node, phase, filled, filling, unpaired, spherical, bonding, electron density, read, subshell, resonance occurs, band, orbital orbital, orbitals pairing, molecular, pairing electrons, shell, electromagnetic fields, hold, increase energy, shaped, completely filled, orbital energy, orbitals electrons, orbital orbitals, set orbitals, electrons occupy, stabilizing, half filled, electrons shell, little, electrons electrons, energy orbitals, dashed, nuclei] Orbitals, Antibonding, Orbital orbitals, antibonding, orbital, mixing, molecular orbital, degenerate, overlap, filled orbitals, higher energy, electrons
362 35 362_uv_ozone_atmosphere_earth [uv, ozone, atmosphere, earth, ultraviolet radiation, ultraviolet, upper atmosphere, earth surface, infrared, radiation, sun, stratosphere, uv radiation, radiated, outer space, energy sun, upper, solar, infrared radiation, layer, absorbed, sea level, roughly, exposure, radiation emitted, emitted, surface earth, reaches, space, surface, earth atmosphere, skin, absorbing, reaching, benefits, outer, largely, protects, sea, effects, level, ir radiation, cancer, portion, gases atmosphere, organisms earth, altitudes, exposures, adverse, illustrations] Uv, Ozone, Atmosphere uv, ozone, atmosphere, earth, ultraviolet radiation, ultraviolet, upper atmosphere, earth surface, infrared, radiation
363 34 363_37_38_35_34 [37, 38, 35, 34, 33, 31, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 37, 38, 35, 34, 33, 31, , , ,
364 34 364_significant figures_digit_figures_significant [significant figures, digit, figures, significant, decimal, zeros, number significant, digits, dropped, retained, rounds, round, number, notation, measurement, number number, nonzero, places, addition subtraction, measured, subtraction, exponential, significant digits, tens, rounding, uncertain, subtracting, value, 92, conversion factor, calculation, rules, certain, indicate, point, division, answer, quantity, numbers, ones, fewer, appendix, precision, place, precise, signifies, following examples, measured quantities, zero, whichever] Significant Figures, Digit, Figures significant figures, digit, figures, significant, decimal, zeros, number significant, digits, dropped, retained
365 34 365_36___ [36, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 36, , , , , , , , ,
366 34 366_fission_neutrons_fuel_rods [fission, neutrons, fuel, rods, uranium, isotopes, reactors, fusion, nuclear, reactor, control, heavy, transuranium, nuclei, spent, absorb, slow, deuterium, nuclear power, reactions, neutron, adjust, chain reaction, plutonium, large amounts, induce, absorbs, flux, boron, assemblies, amounts, unstable, americium, usable energy, energies, energies order, produced, actinide, 10 example, high level, enriched, fraction, nuclear bombs, pressurized, usable, applications nuclear, slow moving, odd number, self, additional] Fission, Neutrons, Fuel fission, neutrons, fuel, rods, uranium, isotopes, reactors, fusion, nuclear, reactor
367 34 367_solve_solution convert_solve equation_rbe [solve, solution convert, solve equation, rbe, solve unknown, solving gives, subtract, convert, rad, replace, multiply, ratios, verify, divide, recall, calculate, let, equivalent, unknown, efficiency, 60, square, quantity, add, assume, solving, ratio, gives, problem, shows, equation, solution, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Solve, Solution Convert, Solve Equation solve, solution convert, solve equation, rbe, solve unknown, solving gives, subtract, convert, rad, replace
368 34 368_biology_population_sciences_natural [biology, population, sciences, natural, geology, human population, efforts, population growth, study, habitats, branches, living things, growth, scholars, rate decreases, direct result, credit united, premature, magnify, resources, studies, geographically, distinctions, conservation, tracking, aided, important understanding, natural sciences, especially, human, earthquake, founder, disaster, aside, better understand, army, physics chemistry, environmental, importantly, documented, presenting, things, planning, systematics, scheme, surprisingly, growth rate, monitoring, understand, nonliving] Biology, Population, Sciences biology, population, sciences, natural, geology, human population, efforts, population growth, study, habitats
369 34 369_15 15_15__ [15 15, 15, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 15 15 15 15, 15, , , , , , , ,
370 34 370_link learning_link_video_learning watch [link learning, link, video, learning watch, watch, watch video, learning, animation, learning view, view, learn, discussing, naming, want, practice, showing, short, green alga, circulatory blood, hydra, discusses, learning video, cambrian explosion, movement water, founder, trp operon, illustrations, resting membrane, capturing, describes, rna dna, quick, explaining, biologist, trp, covalent bonding, biofilm, alga, heard, dna template, ionic covalent, packing, spatial, lichens, short time, membrane potential, synovial, visualize, blood cell, biofilms] Link Learning, Link, Video link learning, link, video, learning watch, watch, watch video, learning, animation, learning view, view
371 34 371_percentages_approach_composition_empirical [percentages, approach, composition, empirical, free energy, demonstrated, challenging, empirical formula, temperature dependence, galvanic cell, smallest, previously, subscript, chemical reactions, galvanic, equilibrium, notation, reaction, experimentally, dependence, mixtures, formula, commonly used, practice, energy change, representing, discussed, symbols, free, solutions, express, simple mathematical, changes reactant, winning, product concentrations, convenient, masses, chemical, mixture composition, mathematical relationship, addressed, use method, relationship potential, persists, equilibrium constant, formulas, redox, reactions, energy calculated, symbolism] Percentages, Approach, Composition percentages, approach, composition, empirical, free energy, demonstrated, challenging, empirical formula, temperature dependence, galvanic cell
372 34 372_fatty_unsaturated_saturated_fatty acids [fatty, unsaturated, saturated, fatty acids, fatty acid, fats, acids, double bonds, double, oils, acid, hydrocarbon, double bond, chain, bonds, single bonds, contain, contain double, fat, carbon atoms, olive, acid example, butter, omega, room temperature, acid figure, bonds carbon, triglycerides, contain carbon, carbon, origin, neighboring, carbons, carbon carbon, hydrogen atoms, bond, room, contrast, attached, group does, atoms contain, animal, epa, contain hydrogen, omega fatty, similar different, olive oil, number hydrogen, bond carbon, hydrocarbon chains] Fatty, Unsaturated, Saturated fatty, unsaturated, saturated, fatty acids, fatty acid, fats, acids, double bonds, double, oils
373 33 373_strain_viruses_mice_injected [strain, viruses, mice, injected, killed, died, host, replicate, mouse, infect, living cell, host cell, virions, live, new virions, transforming, invade, survived, virus, experiments, dead, isolated, recovered, viral, capsid, evolution connection, living, recognize, bacteria, infections, passed, animal, cell, host organism, cells viruses, cells undergo, candidates, adjacent cells, viral replication, unlike, plates, opportunity, viral genome, copying, ve, dies, cellular metabolism, proteins nucleic, contrast, heredity] Strain, Viruses, Mice strain, viruses, mice, injected, killed, died, host, replicate, mouse, infect
374 33 374_ruffini_endings_mechanoreceptors_ruffini endings [ruffini, endings, mechanoreceptors, ruffini endings, hairy, papillae, receptors, taste, located, tactile, skin, tongue, merkel, disks, nerve, touch, buds, figure 36, cords, singular, ganglia, deeper, bulbs, hair, 36, extend, surrounded, cancer institute, inthe, national cancer, gentle, anterior, torso, capsules, group includes, calibrated, length body, upper, finely, thirds, epithelium, csf, interconnected, lower, spans, lips, layers, cells form, connective tissues, structurally] Ruffini, Endings, Mechanoreceptors ruffini, endings, mechanoreceptors, ruffini endings, hairy, papillae, receptors, taste, located, tactile
375 33 375_47___ [47, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 47, , , , , , , , ,
376 33 376_g3p_percent_checkpoint_increase decrease [g3p, percent, checkpoint, increase decrease, thinking questions, efforts, critical thinking, decrease, thinking, 13 16, 16 13, publication, 30 percent, saddle, following information, speaking, gliding, plus minus, allergic, hinge, 90 percent, restoration, logical, critical, questions, public, pores, chromatin, resource, 17, increase, population growth, scientific method, exponential, 17 17, 65, minus, 54, fourth, 55, twice, 90, plus, review, statements, pivot, 23, extinction, 13, experimental] G3P, Percent, Checkpoint g3p, percent, checkpoint, increase decrease, thinking questions, efforts, critical thinking, decrease, thinking, 13 16
377 33 377_irradiation_food irradiation_foods_food [irradiation, food irradiation, foods, food, term effects, meat, outbreaks, doses, preserved, microorganisms, long term, controversial, taste, frozen, term, destroy, chemically, organization, effects, food poisoning, food consumed, washing, red color, seeks, high water, number people, break apart, labeling, free radicals, sterilization, retention, noticeably, owing fact, untreated, salmonella, exposing, foodborne, unpleasant, radiation used, butter, insects, radicals, reduce, nuts, consuming, bacteria, prevent, content, unknown, owing] Irradiation, Food Irradiation, Foods irradiation, food irradiation, foods, food, term effects, meat, outbreaks, doses, preserved, microorganisms
378 33 378_16 17_15 16_17 18_16 [16 17, 15 16, 17 18, 16, 17, 13 15, 16 15, 17 16, 11 16, 17 12, 17 10, 12 13, 17 14, 15 18, 18 12, 14 15, 10 13, 15, 16 10, 10 15, 18, 17 17, 12, 12 12, 13, 100, 10, 19, 14, 11, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 16 17, 15 16, 17 18 16 17, 15 16, 17 18, 16, 17, 13 15, 16 15, 17 16, 11 16, 17 12
379 33 379_16 17_15 11_17_12 11 [16 17, 15 11, 17, 12 11, 10 12, 17 17, 15, 15 17, 11, 13 15, 17 11, 13 10, 17 13, 12 17, 11 16, 17 12, 14 16, 17 10, 17 15, 12 15, 11 10, 15 16, 16, 11 12, 14 15, 10 13, 12, 15 15, 13, 14, 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 16 17, 15 11, 12 11 16 17, 15 11, 17, 12 11, 10 12, 17 17, 15, 15 17, 11, 13 15
380 33 380_algae_green algae_green_brown [algae, green algae, green, brown, brown algae, diatoms, multicellular, charophytes, golden, phylum, chytrids, colonial, red green, alga, slime, giant, colonies, alternation generations, alternation, unicellular, protist, generations, include, classification, consisting single, form large, 25 14, photosynthetic, fungi, cycles, green alga, slime mold, species involved, protists, marine, formally, aspergillus, denotes, help maintain, 230, members, plasmodium, brightly colored, light microscopy, supergroup, dna analysis, slime molds, associations, designate, brightly] Algae, Green Algae, Green algae, green algae, green, brown, brown algae, diatoms, multicellular, charophytes, golden, phylum
381 33 381_sequencing_genome_genomic_mapping [sequencing, genome, genomic, mapping, researchers, genome sequencing, unique, tools, analysis, analyze, scientists, technique, sequences, information, genomics, genomes, scientists use, genetics, biology, research, understanding, ncbi, individuals, assistance, establishing, model, techniques, dna, various ways, reversing, genetic basis, basis, computational, address, pile, features, synapsis, better understand, sequenced, routine, better, data, patterns, genetic, quick, discipline, facial, professionals, researchers use, entire] Sequencing, Genome, Genomic sequencing, genome, genomic, mapping, researchers, genome sequencing, unique, tools, analysis, analyze
382 32 382_51___ [51, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 51, , , , , , , , ,
383 32 383_rna_translated_mrna_transcribed [rna, translated, mrna, transcribed, translated protein, protein, transcription, termination, cytoplasm, transcribed rna, eukaryotic transcription, ribosomes, messenger rna, transported, polymerases, rrna, promoters, messenger, polymerase, processed, splicing, copies, rna polymerase, eukaryotic, processing, mature, nucleus, genes, common type, protein complex, rna processing, inactivate, genes transcribed, translation, introns removed, new virions, rna protein, 16 12, different combinations, rna splicing, gene transcribed, complex called, editing, discussions, steps involved, translate, mrna template, transcribes, vast majority, transcript] Rna, Translated, Mrna rna, translated, mrna, transcribed, translated protein, protein, transcription, termination, cytoplasm, transcribed rna
384 32 384_thyroid_iodine_blood glucose_goiter [thyroid, iodine, blood glucose, goiter, thyroid gland, glucose levels, insulin, gland, pancreas, levels, glucose, disorders, hormone, diabetes, regulate blood, managed, enlargement, disease, cells pancreas, low levels, blood, hormones, condition called, cancerous, insufficient, liver, concentrate, condition, production, properly, adrenal, caused, regulate, tissue types, levels insulin, premature, concentrates, cancerous cells, calcium, pituitary, extremely low, overproduction, underproduction, release insulin, glands, 20 13, cortisol, levels increase, iodine 131, impaired] Thyroid, Iodine, Blood Glucose thyroid, iodine, blood glucose, goiter, thyroid gland, glucose levels, insulin, gland, pancreas, levels
385 32 385_phase transitions_compress_random_transitions [phase transitions, compress, random, transitions, fluctuations, macroscopic, motions, liquids, solids, compressing, cohesive adhesive, atoms molecules, resist, colliding, molecules, liquids solids, fluid, adhesive forces, corner, adhesive, gas molecules, thermal, conversely, cohesive, forces, expand, motion, surface, phase, surface tension, temperature, atoms, temperature molecular, speed increases, finally note, container, fluids, random thermal, random motion, molecular motion, close contact, shearing forces, walls container, macroscopic scale, increases increasing, molecular speed, number collisions, thermal motion, stressed, deform] Phase Transitions, Compress, Random phase transitions, compress, random, transitions, fluctuations, macroscopic, motions, liquids, solids, compressing
386 32 386_cos_axis_sin_conservation momentum [cos, axis, sin, conservation momentum, displacements, conservation, vector, magnitude, components, momentum, gives following, velocity, walk, magnitude velocity, axis axis, vectors, component, displacement, asks, represent, axes, total displacement, originally, legs, velocity direction, velocity given, sum, equations, prove, initial, following equation, initially, direction, magnitudes, resultant, perpendicular, harmonic motion, given, initial velocity, 51, 55, horizontal, simple harmonic, stated, coordinate, collisions point, 23 20, magnitude direction, angle, stationary] Cos, Axis, Sin cos, axis, sin, conservation momentum, displacements, conservation, vector, magnitude, components, momentum
387 32 387_ionizing_ionizing radiation_radiation_damage [ionizing, ionizing radiation, radiation, damage, biological, rays, effects ionizing, ionize, biological effects, nuclear radiation, penetrating, materials, radioactivity, penetrate, gamma, cancerous, radioactive, uv, damaging, ionization, chemical bonds, cause, effects, irradiation, harmful, breaking, 32 biological, different distances, radiation interacts, radiation absorbed, cancerous cells, used cancer, alpha, types nuclear, material used, substance object, excites, radioactive substance, cancer treatment, reacts, bombardment, bonds, tissue, basically, nuclear radioactivity, types radiation, cobalt 60, millimeter, nuclear, radical] Ionizing, Ionizing Radiation, Radiation ionizing, ionizing radiation, radiation, damage, biological, rays, effects ionizing, ionize, biological effects, nuclear radiation
388 32 388_percentage_solute_molarity_ppm [percentage, solute, molarity, ppm, molar, solution mass, solution, mass, units, concentration, concentrations, dilution, expressed, formula mass, solvent, molar amounts, mass volume, mole, volumes, diluted, masses, molar concentration, formula, volume, ratio, liter, volume solution, moles, mass mass, mass solution, percent, molality, mole fraction, hydrogen peroxide, unit, peroxide, mass units, dilution equation, multiplied, defined, denominator, molar concentrations, colligative properties, mass solute, diluted solution, percent mass, solution given, qualitative, solvent solution, amounts] Percentage, Solute, Molarity percentage, solute, molarity, ppm, molar, solution mass, solution, mass, units, concentration
389 32 389_check understanding_understanding_check_headphones [check understanding, understanding, check, headphones, rotational, rotational kinetic, identify, fan, transverse waves, pluck, analogous linear, canceling, infrasound, stereo, transfer conduction, explode, meters, relativity, arbitrary, musical instruments, engineer, doubled, hook, observe, builds, fireworks, employing, regularly, null measurements, musical, school, angular momentum, mental, friend, receiving, spatial, basketball, feels, energy associated, digital, tells, null, energy transfer, analog, noise, transverse, longitudinal, special relativity, daily, general relativity] Check Understanding, Understanding, Check check understanding, understanding, check, headphones, rotational, rotational kinetic, identify, fan, transverse waves, pluck
390 32 390_section able_objectives end_learning objectives_end section [section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, circuits, able, section, 21 dc, dc, magnetic, 22 magnetic, able calculate, learning, end, current, kirchhoff rules, conductors, current versus, direct current, kirchhoff, magnetic field, able explain, fields, electric, ammeters, static equilibrium, voltmeters, magnetic force, circuit, capacitors, magnetic fields, dc voltmeters, calculate current, inductive capacitive, resistance simple, field lines, electric fields, field, rules, ohm law, electric potential, 19 capacitors, law resistance, 18 conductors, ohm, charge magnetic, 19 electric, conductor, rl] Section Able, Objectives End, Learning Objectives section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, circuits, able, section, 21 dc, dc
391 32 391_atm_vapor pressure_torr_vapor [atm, vapor pressure, torr, vapor, nitrogen gas, stp, pressure, volume, volume hydrogen, following question, atm pressure, pressure mixture, calculate volume, partial, vessel, ethanol, sample, answer following, heated, steps necessary, outline steps, partial pressures, decomposition, gas, solution behavior, assuming ideal, methanol, ideal solution, liters, liter, carbon dioxide, partial pressure, pressure carbon, dioxide, bulb, mixture, 115, pressure calculate, gas density, excess oxygen, increasing concentration, produced burning, increased increasing, gas produced, methanol ethanol, temperature calculate, produce carbon, reaction acid, formed reaction, outline] Atm, Vapor Pressure, Torr atm, vapor pressure, torr, vapor, nitrogen gas, stp, pressure, volume, volume hydrogen, following question
392 31 392____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
393 31 393_example example_example_entity_example type [example example, example, entity, example type, example use, molecule ion, harmonic oscillator, oscillator, specifically, quantized, continuous, dc power, relationship potential, electromagnetic waves, type energy, harmonic, used identify, work scientific, entrainment, damped harmonic, energy carried, electromagnetic, ac power, reception, example energy, attractive force, power supplied, resides, composing, temperature example, energy example, different forms, physical, example illustrates, energy state, damped, answer example, electrical potential, household, used measure, shape, mentioned, electromagnetic wave, reasons, detailed, noting, statement, dc, examples, circumstances] Example Example, Example, Entity example example, example, entity, example type, example use, molecule ion, harmonic oscillator, oscillator, specifically, quantized
394 31 394_43___ [43, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 43, , , , , , , , ,
395 31 395_49___ [49, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 49, , , , , , , , ,
396 31 396_46___ [46, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 46, , , , , , , , ,
397 31 397_dose_radiation dose_rad_rem [dose, radiation dose, rad, rem, gy, sv, radiation, si, gray, ci, patient, unit, energy absorbed, curie, si unit, ionizing, dose sv, receives, defined, kilogram, person body, energy deposited, cancer, equivalent, absorbed, risk, tissue, exposure, year, deposited, frequently, man, 00, tumor, medicine, leave, biological, person, curie ci, yearly, following conditions, radiation absorbed, activity, used cancer, exposed, used medicine, 99m, cancer treatment, tissue damage, disintegrations] Dose, Radiation Dose, Rad dose, radiation dose, rad, rem, gy, sv, radiation, si, gray, ci
398 31 398_cancer_cancer cells_mutations_mice [cancer, cancer cells, mutations, mice, breast, genes, repair, subset, telomerase, growth, cell death, cell, brakes, inhibit, cell types, mitochondrial, contribute, stem cell, cells, telomere, cell functions, lead, studies, overproduction, known cause, cell cycle, leads, death, regulate cell, ras, impaired, responding, change cell, crash, advance, controlled, 30 percent, deficient, normal, cell divisions, growth factors, mechanisms, cause cancer, expression, progression, normal cells, resolved, spleen, depletion, cortical] Cancer, Cancer Cells, Mutations cancer, cancer cells, mutations, mice, breast, genes, repair, subset, telomerase, growth
399 31 399_phylum_porifera_subphylum_clade [phylum, porifera, subphylum, clade, arthropoda, mollusks, includes, sponges, basal, gastropods, annelida, animal, class, nemertea, oysters, arthropods, differentiated, earthworms, ecdysozoa, monophyletic, marine, worms, annelids, clades, crustaceans, insects, currently, phyla, sea, member, species, sister, polychaete, true, chelicerata, animals true, paraphyletic, sea floor, marine freshwater, food supply, form single, nematoda, centipedes, winged, terrestrial, cnidarian, predominantly, secondarily, madagascar, members] Phylum, Porifera, Subphylum phylum, porifera, subphylum, clade, arthropoda, mollusks, includes, sponges, basal, gastropods
400 31 400_papillae_lobe_cuboidal_squamous [papillae, lobe, cuboidal, squamous, transitional, parietal, columnar, frontal, connective tissue, connective, glands, occipital, fibrous connective, bone, labia, humoral, cavity, loose, cranial, pituitary, temporal, hormonal, 15, fibrous, dorsal, neural, cartilage, adrenal, nerves, spinal cord, stimuli, phase, spinal, thyroid, cord, scrotum, thymus, prostate gland, gland, calyx, seminal, tissue, adrenal glands, vision, semicircular, socket, saline, abdominal, ossicles, corpus] Papillae, Lobe, Cuboidal papillae, lobe, cuboidal, squamous, transitional, parietal, columnar, frontal, connective tissue, connective
401 31 401_figure 29_figure 26_29_figure 24 [figure 29, figure 26, 29, figure 24, 26, 24, figure 28, figure, figure 22, 28, 29 21, 26 13, 27 10, fungi, flight feathers, 21 10, edible, pneumatic, foodborne, 21, lytic, overview, lysogenic, nitrogen cycle, spider, shelf, horsetails, jelly, cycle figure, potato, figure 27, 10 15, paleozoic, bacteriophage, metamorphosis, structure figure, defenses, tooth, 22, phylogeny, cavities, figure 21, apoptosis, temperate, insect, fossils, feathers, connection figure, plant, 27] Figure 29, Figure 26, Figure 24 figure 29, figure 26, 29, figure 24, 26, 24, figure 28, figure, figure 22, 28
402 31 402_recombination_mapping_maps_chromosome [recombination, mapping, maps, chromosome, genetic, genes, recombination frequency, linkage, genetically, far apart, alleles, linked, infer, marker, chromosomes, locations, analysis, likelihood, genome, crossover, apart, occur, gene, suggested, region, map, homologous chromosomes, sequence, relative, exchanging, far, hybrid, genes determine, recombined, events occur, distance, basis, stained, homologous, correlated, variants, 13 shows, assess, postulated, locating, devised, distances, frequency, maternal, population genetic] Recombination, Mapping, Maps recombination, mapping, maps, chromosome, genetic, genes, recombination frequency, linkage, genetically, far apart
403 30 403_anaphase_prophase_metaphase_telophase [anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, collagen, coelom, secrete, chromatids, septum, inactivation, helicase, primase, mollusca, synapsis, pelvic, osteoclasts, dna polymerase, nucleosomes, glomerulus, ii, osteoblasts, sister, phase, 19, 13, polymerase, phylum, true, 22, 16, 15, 14, 11, 12, dna, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Anaphase, Prophase, Metaphase anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, collagen, coelom, secrete, chromatids, septum, inactivation
404 30 404_constant velocity_car_coaster_roller coaster [constant velocity, car, coaster, roller coaster, braking, acceleration zero, roller, vehicle, helicopter, stop, speed, deceleration, extreme, moving, velocity, traveling, probably, kinetic energy, constant, proportional speed, moving constant, longer time, takes energy, takes, crash, point example, forward, ll, use large, faster, kinetic, velocity change, velocity constant, velocity changes, suspect, example large, initial rate, players, sudden, suddenly, brick, car moving, plane, acceleration, seat, sideways, high speed, helping, surface earth, error] Constant Velocity, Car, Coaster constant velocity, car, coaster, roller coaster, braking, acceleration zero, roller, vehicle, helicopter, stop
405 30 405_example 15_ice cubes_heat transfer_example 14 [example 15, ice cubes, heat transfer, example 14, ice, example, cubes, heat, calculating, soda, rest energy, transfer, example 11, 15 entropy, example 10, example heat, 14 calculating, transfer radiation, temperature example, water example, temperature heat, final temperature, 13, irreversible, measuring, example 13, heat pump, generating, entropy, cup, temperature, humidity, pan, 15, conduction, water, cold, day, box, hot, capillary, 13 10, hot summer, piece, water vapor, gas, molecule average, gas density, concentrates, gas sample] Example 15, Ice Cubes, Heat Transfer example 15, ice cubes, heat transfer, example 14, ice, example, cubes, heat, calculating, soda
406 30 406_longitudinal_waves_transverse_disturbance [longitudinal, waves, transverse, disturbance, wave, sound waves, propagation, sound, propagates, water waves, shear, longitudinal wave, fluids, waves air, perpendicular direction, oscillation, polarized, corresponds, waves moving, transverse waves, waves having, negative gauge, wavelength, distance points, pressure waves, amplitude, superimposed, light waves, solids, troughs, propagation speed, types waves, medium, point space, pressures, direction, combination, place, huygens principle, intensity sound, bends, subtract, 36, huygens, heard, pascal principle, add, periodic, peaks, illustrated figure] Longitudinal, Waves, Transverse longitudinal, waves, transverse, disturbance, wave, sound waves, propagation, sound, propagates, water waves
407 30 407_evolutionary_variability_selection_type selection [evolutionary, variability, selection, type selection, maximum parsimony, parsimony, evidence, analysis, natural selection, phylogenetic, disciplines, population, genetic, events, researchers, obvious, select, fossils, natural, tree, contribute, new, occurred, way, probably, testing hypothesis, shared, distribution phenotypes, way determine, recent, generation, greater rate, body structures, life evolved, classification scheme, past, pathway, evolution, homologous structures, characters, phylogenies, new information, classifications, developments, dna analysis, hardy weinberg, punctuated equilibrium, concept, mystery, hardy] Evolutionary, Variability, Selection evolutionary, variability, selection, type selection, maximum parsimony, parsimony, evidence, analysis, natural selection, phylogenetic
408 30 408_61___ [61, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 61, , , , , , , , ,
409 30 409_48___ [48, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 48, , , , , , , , ,
410 30 410_42___ [42, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 42, , , , , , , , ,
411 30 411_selected_taxa_ecology_biosphere [selected, taxa, ecology, biosphere, feathers, morphological, mark, recapture, offspring, fecundity, selected species, community, fossil, new species, dominance, fossil record, organelle, organ, rule, organism, consumers, ecosystem, record, natural selection, life, flight feathers, single common, species, primary, dependent, multiple alleles, community ecology, questions 16, lion, hare, aquatic, specialized tissues, density, biogeochemical, eagle, incomplete dominance, tissue, test cross, grazing, capturing, gene flow, horse, heterotrophic, rooted, organize] Selected, Taxa, Ecology selected, taxa, ecology, biosphere, feathers, morphological, mark, recapture, offspring, fecundity
412 30 412_52_53_55_59 [52, 53, 55, 59, 58, 56, 50, 60, 54, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 52, 53, 55, 59, 58, 56, 50, 60, 54,
413 30 413_animals_offspring_social_animal kingdom [animals, offspring, social, animal kingdom, predator, primates, animal, parents, kingdom, care, survival, diverse, birds, mating, bird, individuals, human embryo, innumerable, navigate, care offspring, sensory structures, necessity, considerable energy, theme, reproduce, avoiding, extinct species, exchanges, concerning, looked, insects, descent, wolf, valence shells, associations, food sources, members group, participate, spiders, vulnerable, danger, modern birds, humans, detect, reality, food, proper time, gave rise, associate, does occur] Animals, Offspring, Social animals, offspring, social, animal kingdom, predator, primates, animal, parents, kingdom, care
414 30 414_45___ [45, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 45, , , , , , , , ,
415 30 415_endosymbiosis_endosymbiotic_eukaryotes_mitochondria [endosymbiosis, endosymbiotic, eukaryotes, mitochondria, chlorarachniophytes, aphids, secondary, event, hgt, evidence, host, mitochondrial, host cell, archaea, pool, derived, engulfed, plastids, evolutionary, appears, genes, descended, proposed, photosynthetic, evolved, origins, bacteria, prokaryotes, extant, evolution, domains, fusion, chloroplasts, eukaryotic, explanation, ancestor, probably, explain observation, scientists, phylogenetic, higher order, carotenoid, model, composite, phylogenetic model, revert, recent, lake, leads formation, dna different] Endosymbiosis, Endosymbiotic, Eukaryotes endosymbiosis, endosymbiotic, eukaryotes, mitochondria, chlorarachniophytes, aphids, secondary, event, hgt, evidence
416 30 416_malaria_fertilization_plasmodium_sleeping sickness [malaria, fertilization, plasmodium, sleeping sickness, brucei, causative, falciparum, parasite, sleeping, sickness, african, causative agent, infected, eggs, sperm, humans, protist, eggs sperm, fertilization occurs, million people, fly, cattle, external, infects, visualized, agent, internal, evolution connection, microscopy, genus, africa, flies, male, pathogen, inside female, area time, transmission, life cycle, red blood, use method, disease humans, release, females, 12 10, multiple alleles, horses, prion, parts world, aquatic, released] Malaria, Fertilization, Plasmodium malaria, fertilization, plasmodium, sleeping sickness, brucei, causative, falciparum, parasite, sleeping, sickness
417 30 417_solutes_reabsorbed_tubules_tubular [solutes, reabsorbed, tubules, tubular, urine, kidneys, reabsorption, kidney, renal, renal tubules, nephron, filtration, capillaries, tubule, limb, secretion, water solutes, ascending, secreted, convoluted, collecting, interstitial fluid, channels, adh, glomerulus, loop, permeable, filters, interstitial, actively, wastes, medulla, occurs, process called, cl, water, exchanges, functional unit, present cell, amounts water, filtered, proximal, duct, distal, blood, descending, ions water, selectively, water moves, ducts] Solutes, Reabsorbed, Tubules solutes, reabsorbed, tubules, tubular, urine, kidneys, reabsorption, kidney, renal, renal tubules
418 30 418_explain explain_explain__ [explain explain, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Explain Explain, Explain explain explain, explain, , , , , , , ,
419 29 419_ignore_example example_rolling_air resistance [ignore, example example, rolling, air resistance, product, acid example, news, assessment, stronger acid, reported, tv, answers, stronger, isomers, answer, ligands, result, self, vary, resistance, add, displacement, leaves, air, discussion, temperatures, step, check, gives, example, simple, base, type, greater, high, calculate, acid, 10, , , , , , , , , , , , ] Ignore, Example Example, Rolling ignore, example example, rolling, air resistance, product, acid example, news, assessment, stronger acid, reported
420 29 420_phloem_xylem_sieve_water minerals [phloem, xylem, sieve, water minerals, transports, sieve tube, sugars, minerals, photosynthates, phloem cells, tracheids, vascular tissue, vascular, conducts, plant, different parts, tissue, xylem tissue, conducting, walls, maturity, waxy, transport water, water nutrients, xylem phloem, photosynthetic, tube, parts, elements, protects, responsible, solutes, organic substances, cells, transport, cells responsible, second type, water, plant plant, turgor pressure, pits, vessels, forces water, vascular bundles, help prevent, water solutes, tissue xylem, turgor, vessel elements, slipping] Phloem, Xylem, Sieve phloem, xylem, sieve, water minerals, transports, sieve tube, sugars, minerals, photosynthates, phloem cells
421 29 421_worked_topics_example illustrates_problem solving [worked, topics, example illustrates, problem solving, apply, problem, strategies, solving, method, line method, solving basics, illustrates, sections, solving strategies, forked line, probability, forked, probabilities, basics, situations, demonstrate, approach, genotype, chapters, module, integrated, concepts, discussed, types images, assistance, discusses, following sections, solving problems, representations, discussed section, concept problem, text, integrated concepts, answer questions, integrated concept, used represent, examples, phenomenon called, table 25, symbolic, thinner, accuracy precision, imfs, shielding, brings] Worked, Topics, Example Illustrates worked, topics, example illustrates, problem solving, apply, problem, strategies, solving, method, line method
422 29 422_21 21_21__ [21 21, 21, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 21 21 21 21, 21, , , , , , , ,
423 29 423_nodules_legume_symbiotic_soil [nodules, legume, symbiotic, soil, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, fungus, cyanobacteria, obtains, fixation, fixing bacteria, roots, minerals, nitrogen fixing, fungi, associations, fixing, bacteria, root, association, establish, plants, mycorrhizal, collectively called, mutualistic, interact, nutrients, free living, collectively, relationships, plant, live, specialized, providing, greatly, aiding, form carbohydrates, fungal, 22 27, fixed, fix nitrogen, nitrogen soil, carbohydrates, water soil, members, takes place, relationship, ubiquitous, genera, essential] Nodules, Legume, Symbiotic nodules, legume, symbiotic, soil, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, fungus, cyanobacteria, obtains, fixation
424 29 424_75_70__ [75, 70, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 75, 70, , , , , , , ,
425 29 425_potential_potential difference_change potential_electrical potential [potential, potential difference, change potential, electrical potential, test charge, charge, potential energy, script, coulomb, potential potential, difference, electric field, stands, coulomb law, electric, voltage, test, relationship potential, battery, emf, general relationship, represents, point charge, relationship, internal resistance, charge moved, electromotive force, electromotive, moved, electrical, note, field, electrostatic force, energy given, time constant, negative, distance, magnitude force, coulomb force, defined, equation form, galvanometer, positive, particle having, charges, positive terminal, constant equal, electrostatic, magnitude, points] Potential, Potential Difference, Change Potential potential, potential difference, change potential, electrical potential, test charge, charge, potential energy, script, coulomb, potential potential
426 29 426_point charge_field_charge_magnitude charge [point charge, field, charge, magnitude charge, charges, magnitude, point space, magnetic field, sphere, magnet, electric field, electrostatic force, direction force, magnetic, wire, sign, strength, point, perpendicular, electric, loops, piece, rod, electrostatic, pole, emf, charge center, charge potential, magnitude average, generated, carrying current, field center, paper, force exerted, parallel ground, peak emf, strength electric, average emf, field shown, north, plane, induced, does depend, field perpendicular, horizontal velocity, potential point, south pole, triangular, tape, force] Point Charge, Field, Charge point charge, field, charge, magnitude charge, charges, magnitude, point space, magnetic field, sphere, magnet
427 29 427_inconsistent_assumptions_unreasonable_premises [inconsistent, assumptions, unreasonable, premises, responsible, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Inconsistent, Assumptions, Unreasonable inconsistent, assumptions, unreasonable, premises, responsible, , , , ,
428 29 428_ligands_ligand_donor_coordination [ligands, ligand, donor, coordination, bidentate, central metal, metal, coordination number, coordinate, isomers, complex, planar, square planar, iii, complexes, dyes, metal ion, cobalt, central, center, blue, figure 19, copper, sphere, ion, 19 25, 19 30, portion, anionic, atom called, atoms example, complexes coordination, en, bonds central, atom, cn, compound contains, cis trans, oxalate, low spin, iii chloride, molecules like, metal atom, atoms, square, different atoms, bind, coordination compounds, coordinated, nitrite] Ligands, Ligand, Donor ligands, ligand, donor, coordination, bidentate, central metal, metal, coordination number, coordinate, isomers
429 29 429_momentum conserved_net external_force zero_conserved [momentum conserved, net external, force zero, conserved, external force, external, torque zero, zero, net, momentum, torque, force, ending, pivot point, net torque, situation, large force, acceleration zero, force work, angular momentum, nonzero, pivot, relativistic momentum, external forces, exerts, acting, does work, linear momentum, starting, choice, forces acting, just, conservative, depends, angular, gravitational, acceleration, gravitational force, points, momentum zero, experiments shown, force depends, example small, path, momentum momentum, example large, proportional mass, relativistic, acceleration object, taken] Momentum Conserved, Net External, Force Zero momentum conserved, net external, force zero, conserved, external force, external, torque zero, zero, net, momentum
430 29 430_41___ [41, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 41, , , , , , , , ,
431 29 431_epithelial_columnar_mammals_layer [epithelial, columnar, mammals, layer, epithelial cells, capsule, lined, bladder, coelom, lining, arranged, 33 11, wide, underlying tissue, glands, region called, nails, undifferentiated, fibers, gastrointestinal, elastic fibers, outermost layer, appearing, capability, cell mass, innermost, pile, hair, collagen fibers, tissue, abdomen, urinary bladder, cells differentiate, swelling, squamous, main types, cells, routine, pink, athlete, stack, irregular, connective tissues, dermal, ducts, slightly, single layer, internally, internal organs, bone marrow] Epithelial, Columnar, Mammals epithelial, columnar, mammals, layer, epithelial cells, capsule, lined, bladder, coelom, lining
432 29 432_direct evidence_naked eye_mass nucleus_spectra [direct evidence, naked eye, mass nucleus, spectra, naked, subatomic particles, particles, submicroscopic, unification, direct, describing, subatomic, elementary, quantization, universe, instruments, quantum mechanics, observation, evidence, physics, mechanics, microscopic, zoo, necessity, dozens, improvements, quarks, properties, known mass, examine, interactions, matter, 1920s, extreme conditions, existence atoms, theory atomic, size mass, energy matter, different masses, follow, quest, macroscopic scale, invisible, musical instruments, molecules like, resonant frequencies, properties water, scale, let examine, incredibly] Direct Evidence, Naked Eye, Mass Nucleus direct evidence, naked eye, mass nucleus, spectra, naked, subatomic particles, particles, submicroscopic, unification, direct
433 28 433_endoplasmic reticulum_endoplasmic_reticulum_organelle [endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, reticulum, organelle, endomembrane, animal cells, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, junctions, organelles, plasma membrane, plasma, membrane, cell, membrane bound, cytoplasm, ribosomes, gap junctions, nuclear envelope, cytosol, lipids, vesicles, gap, cells, cellular, adjacent, golgi apparatus, animal, vacuoles, envelope, tight, rough, storage, golgi, cytoplasmic, cells communicate, rer, separates, lipids proteins, plant cells, transporting, comprised, plural, apparatus, proteins, eukaryotic cells, bound, eukaryotic, instrument, chromatin] Endoplasmic Reticulum, Endoplasmic, Reticulum endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, reticulum, organelle, endomembrane, animal cells, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, junctions, organelles
434 28 434_explain explain_explain_explain observation_explain atomic [explain explain, explain, explain observation, explain atomic, explain observations, atomic spectra, gh, growth hormone, metric, advantages, quantization, spectra, observation, observations, indicate, direct, action, hormone, effects, identify, growth, atomic, units, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Explain Explain, Explain, Explain Observation explain explain, explain, explain observation, explain atomic, explain observations, atomic spectra, gh, growth hormone, metric, advantages
435 28 435_habitat_preserve_habitat loss_species [habitat, preserve, habitat loss, species, forest, reach equilibrium, ecosystems, adapted, wide variety, endemic, edges, service, area, climate, geographic, plants animals, ecosystem, abundance, began, wide, loss, clearing, rainforests, zone, hot dry, amazon, geographically, summers, bird species, marine, darkened, terrestrial, pioneer, rainforest, latitudes, eventually, annually, relative abundance, quantify, diversity, aside, glaciers, counted, emergence, gone, equilibrium state, terrestrial ecosystems, fires, north, mountains] Habitat, Preserve, Habitat Loss habitat, preserve, habitat loss, species, forest, reach equilibrium, ecosystems, adapted, wide variety, endemic
436 28 436_bronchioles_bronchi_alveolar_alveoli [bronchioles, bronchi, alveolar, alveoli, trachea, ducts, sacs, bronchi bronchioles, nasal cavity, nasal, respiratory, grapes, cavity, lungs, connect, divides, figure 39, sac, cartilage, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, branch, 20 30, gray anatomy, walled, like tiny, smaller smaller, work gray, 39 10, elastic fibers, polymeric, vessels, direct contact, tracheal, ciliated, lymphatic, hair like, 39, smaller, main, single layer, projections, look like, tertiary, branching, right left, chitin, singular, surround, epithelia] Bronchioles, Bronchi, Alveolar bronchioles, bronchi, alveolar, alveoli, trachea, ducts, sacs, bronchi bronchioles, nasal cavity, nasal
437 28 437_enthalpy_enthalpy formation_standard enthalpy_change following [enthalpy, enthalpy formation, standard enthalpy, change following, standard, formation, enthalpy combustion, data appendix, following reactions, enthalpy change, appendix, calculate standard, combustion, propane, data, classify following, appendix calculate, bond energies, using standard, mole, butane, using data, following, calculate, physical chemical, bond, determine, classify, burning, molar, coal, milk, molar mass, stronger, melting, reactions, gasoline, using, approximate, determine following, given appendix, enthalpies formation, calculate volume, 44, following data, calculate heat, change, polyethylene, data table, averages] Enthalpy, Enthalpy Formation, Standard Enthalpy enthalpy, enthalpy formation, standard enthalpy, change following, standard, formation, enthalpy combustion, data appendix, following reactions, enthalpy change
438 28 438_biofilms_bacteria_biofilm_foodborne [biofilms, bacteria, biofilm, foodborne, resistant, toxins, microbial, surfaces, methods used, bacteria viruses, infections, poisoning, naturally, colonize, pathogens, food, attack, cause, pathogenic, equipment, antibiotic, growth, parasites, kill, foreign, grow, agents, antibiotics, difficult, foods, antigens, consumption, food poisoning, form large, fungal, coordinate, innumerable, fungi, infection, bacterial, robust, species bacteria, sterilization, implants, pipes, invade, fungal infections, 000 times, threatening, quorum sensing] Biofilms, Bacteria, Biofilm biofilms, bacteria, biofilm, foodborne, resistant, toxins, microbial, surfaces, methods used, bacteria viruses
439 28 439_reaction_mechanism_step_equation representing [reaction, mechanism, step, equation representing, yield, stoichiometric, reaction mechanism, reactants, stoichiometry, product, balanced, overall reaction, balanced chemical, expressions, chemical equation, involving, comparing, multistep, coupled equilibria, number hydrogen, reaction mechanisms, chemical changes, chemical, step process, representing, constants, molecules produced, ammonia, overall, consumed, reactant, concentrations, kinetics, illustrate, reaction stoichiometry, products, reaction rates, reactant product, equation, coupled, carbon monoxide, rate, changes, catalyst, enthalpy, monoxide, enthalpy change, rates, sum, equilibria] Reaction, Mechanism, Step reaction, mechanism, step, equation representing, yield, stoichiometric, reaction mechanism, reactants, stoichiometry, product
440 28 440_transcriptional_translation_transcription_gene [transcriptional, translation, transcription, gene, transcription translation, epigenetic, translational, regulation, gene expression, prokaryotic, regulation gene, prokaryotic cells, post, post translational, processes occur, cytoplasm, gene regulation, expression, transcribed, occurs, protein, telomerase, genes, nucleosomes, somatic, translated, levels, coding, occur, simultaneously, expressed, regulated, promoter, synthesized, processes, level, proteins, express, adjacent, discuss, cells, followed, higher order, connection evolution, recruitment, dna, nuclear membrane, proteins form, prokaryotic transcription, dna cells] Transcriptional, Translation, Transcription transcriptional, translation, transcription, gene, transcription translation, epigenetic, translational, regulation, gene expression, prokaryotic
441 28 441_28 29_27 28_26_27 [28 29, 27 28, 26, 27, 28, 29, 26 28, 23 26, 22 27, 21 23, 28 21, 21 22, 26 26, 21, 22, 23, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 28 29, 27 28, 26 28 28 29, 27 28, 26, 27, 28, 29, 26 28, 23 26, 22 27, 21 23
442 28 442_final velocity_velocity magnitude_calculate final_final [final velocity, velocity magnitude, calculate final, final, calculate average, calculate, velocity, ball, magnitude direction, far, mass momentum, initial acceleration, calculate distance, calculate time, bowling ball, angular velocity, bowling, long, braking, cliff, blade, speed, initial, reel, calculate velocity, final angular, helicopter, loaded, average acceleration, time takes, nose, far apart, separating, bent, cart, vertically, slides, stay, initial speed, long does, takes, frame reference, average speed, momentum conserved, cars, station, tip, initial velocity, distance traveled, angular] Final Velocity, Velocity Magnitude, Calculate Final final velocity, velocity magnitude, calculate final, final, calculate average, calculate, velocity, ball, magnitude direction, far
443 28 443_quantum_quantum number_quantum numbers_principal quantum [quantum, quantum number, quantum numbers, principal quantum, principal, numbers, orbital, spin quantum, defines, number, specifies, spin, values, electrons, pauli exclusion, pauli, set, exclusion principle, exclusion, atomic orbitals, state, list possible, atomic, general, electrons located, limited number, possible values, numbers rules, orbitals, increases size, electron, limited, spend time, atomic orbital, electrons occupy, electrons electrons, reside, angular momentum, probable, electron atom, atom electrons, atom electron, energy state, spatial, integer, spend, define, energy level, spins, excited state] Quantum, Quantum Number, Quantum Numbers quantum, quantum number, quantum numbers, principal quantum, principal, numbers, orbital, spin quantum, defines, number
444 28 444_zygote_egg_diploid_divides [zygote, egg, diploid, divides, fertilization, fertilized, sperm, yolk, cell divisions, divisions, fuses, sporophyte, develops, celled, fuse form, cleavage, fuse, embryo, nourishment, fertilized egg, haploid, rounds, endosperm, development, mitosis, ovule, form, single celled, forming, cell, basal, polar, mitotic, seed, applies, zygote form, undergoes, smaller smaller, cells divide, multicellular, ofthe, upper, mass large, undergo, gametes, terminal, eggs, sperm egg, germinates, nuclei] Zygote, Egg, Diploid zygote, egg, diploid, divides, fertilization, fertilized, sperm, yolk, cell divisions, divisions
445 27 445_58___ [58, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 58, , , , , , , , ,
446 27 446_change length_modulus_deformation_expansion [change length, modulus, deformation, expansion, length, thermal expansion, shear, sectional area, strain, cross sectional, hooke law, sectional, hooke, area, change, applied, change volume, coefficient linear, temperature coefficient, force applied, linear expansion, force, stress, coefficient, proportionality, applied force, restoring force, applied perpendicular, direction force, restoring, thermal, change temperature, volume expansion, defined, depends, displacement, original volume, constant, cross, force unit, stress strain, elastic, inward, written, volume, original, varies, linear, ratio, uniformly] Change Length, Modulus, Deformation change length, modulus, deformation, expansion, length, thermal expansion, shear, sectional area, strain, cross sectional
447 27 447_draw sketch_problem solving_solving strategies_sketch [draw sketch, problem solving, solving strategies, sketch, solving, strategy, strategies, draw, solving strategy, problem, home experiment, resistors, home, methods heat, microwave ovens, ovens, binding energies, step, tennis ball, rotational, static equilibrium, bouncing, wave optics, experiment, terminal velocity, nuclear physics, kirchhoff rules, tennis, laws motion, kirchhoff, newton laws, making connections, series parallel, microwave, optics, parallel, kinematics, dynamics, mirrors, heat transfer, static, rules, situations, relativity, calculations, terminal, features, connections, transfer, thermodynamics] Draw Sketch, Problem Solving, Solving Strategies draw sketch, problem solving, solving strategies, sketch, solving, strategy, strategies, draw, solving strategy, problem
448 27 448_66___ [66, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 66, , , , , , , , ,
449 27 449_buoyant force_buoyant_archimedes principle_archimedes [buoyant force, buoyant, archimedes principle, archimedes, weight fluid, force object, weight object, object, weight, fluid, equals, suspended, displaced, principle, force equals, submerged, force weight, sink, force, sinks, weighed, float, floats, floating, coin, remain, equation form, upward, depth, sinking, force net, submerged water, greater weight, density fluid, nearly equal, specific gravity, calculate density, totally, volume water, rise, nearly, equal weight, upward force, used calculate, force equal, drag force, densities, assumed, apparent, greater] Buoyant Force, Buoyant, Archimedes Principle buoyant force, buoyant, archimedes principle, archimedes, weight fluid, force object, weight object, object, weight, fluid
450 27 450_intermediate filaments_central vacuole_vacuole_filaments [intermediate filaments, central vacuole, vacuole, filaments, intermediate, adjacent cells, support, expand, rate diffusion, cell wall, cell, red blood, surface area, blood cells, plasma, crustaceans, pigment, central, plasma membrane, grows, wall, organelles, shrinks, 30 14, movement figure, polychaete, watertight, adjacent, cells, matrix, membrane, sufficient, break apart, inside cells, considerable energy, organs tissues, cytoplasm, concentration water, cytoskeletal, turgor pressure, supportive, key role, diverse group, neutrophil, turgor, inside, lipids proteins, nuclei, hemolymph, anchor] Intermediate Filaments, Central Vacuole, Vacuole intermediate filaments, central vacuole, vacuole, filaments, intermediate, adjacent cells, support, expand, rate diffusion, cell wall
451 27 451_significant figures_figures_significant_assume [significant figures, figures, significant, assume, accurate, number significant, inches, digits, seven, numerical value, circumference, justify, report, conversion factor, numerical, measurements, contained, given digits, 27 28, 28 29, classify following, 14 16, values, perform, calculations, significant digits, soccer, conversion, oz, meter, frequency, correct, rockets, basketball, rounded, played, determine number, following, modulus, factor, shear, classify, woman, buoyant force, buoyant, 28, sets, weight, index refraction, precise] Significant Figures, Figures, Significant significant figures, figures, significant, assume, accurate, number significant, inches, digits, seven, numerical value
452 27 452_wish_review_chemical bonding_bonding [wish, review, chemical bonding, bonding, chapter, molecular geometry, relevant, advanced, covalent bonding, geometry, chemical, chapters, accumulated, theories, examples, electrochemistry, electronic structure, covalent, prediction, molecular, stoichiometry, information, electronic, chemistry, consult, knowledge, earlier, following question, text, strong weak, reader, acid base, earlier chapter, chapter text, weak acids, placement, examination, reaction stoichiometry, stage, service, testing, chemistry everyday, study, everyday life, discussion, feature, products, classes, including, addition] Wish, Review, Chemical Bonding wish, review, chemical bonding, bonding, chapter, molecular geometry, relevant, advanced, covalent bonding, geometry
453 27 453_explain explain_explain__ [explain explain, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Explain Explain, Explain explain explain, explain, , , , , , , ,
454 27 454_helicopter_rotational kinetic_blades_rotational [helicopter, rotational kinetic, blades, rotational, rockets, shuttle, rocket, fuel, crash, energy blades, spun, rotate, space shuttle, energy supplied, kinetic energy, revolutions, kinetic, curve, wheel, avoid, supplied, negotiate curve, pit, transferring energy, completing, economical, count number, negotiate, propelled, highest point, coefficient, rocket mass, subjects, provide support, lower leg, replenish, friction, pioneering, ignite, descent, airplanes, rolls, rim, fireworks, operated, employing, high speeds, speed, takeoff, immense] Helicopter, Rotational Kinetic, Blades helicopter, rotational kinetic, blades, rotational, rockets, shuttle, rocket, fuel, crash, energy blades
455 27 455_44___ [44, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 44, , , , , , , , ,
456 27 456_eukaryotic_rna_translation_transcription [eukaryotic, rna, translation, transcription, gene regulation, trnas, synthesis, mrna, post, post transcriptional, protein synthesis, translated, processing, polymerases, initiation, rna splicing, protein, gene, eukaryotic transcription, regulation, transcriptional, elongation, splicing, transcribed, rrnas, ribosomes, promoters, template, translational, mrnas, termination, rna processing, polymerase, dogma, gene transcribed, translated protein, rna polymerase, mrna template, eukaryotes, prokaryotic, encodes, prokaryotes eukaryotes, able following, post translational, significance, dna template, introns, gene expression, processed, prokaryotes] Eukaryotic, Rna, Translation eukaryotic, rna, translation, transcription, gene regulation, trnas, synthesis, mrna, post, post transcriptional
457 27 457_52___ [52, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 52, , , , , , , , ,
458 27 458_calculate energy_mev_fission_mass converted [calculate energy, mev, fission, mass converted, energy released, released, volts, millions, reaction given, energy release, averaging, bomb, given calculate, binding energy, produced reaction, converted, calculate, decay, energy, capture, joules, 200, capture energy, emission electron, nuclide, binding, energy equivalence, energy 00, equivalence equation, assuming, state energy, energy mev, curies, released decay, equation calculate, fission products, fusion reactions, mt, energy goes, mass destroyed, energy emitted, annihilate, decay energy, mass, mass mass, mw, electric power, energy nucleon, number nucleons, electron capture] Calculate Energy, Mev, Fission calculate energy, mev, fission, mass converted, energy released, released, volts, millions, reaction given, energy release
459 27 459_redox reaction_answer question_question_redox [redox reaction, answer question, question, redox, bond dipoles, solve equation, equation describes, dipoles, condenses, intermediates, physical change, resultant vector, head tail, steps necessary, outline steps, answer, melts, neglecting, snow, resultant, friction, 51, lifetime, precise, false, greatest, significant figures, tail, figures, outline, combustion, vectors, equation, balanced, draw, look, describes, diffusion, head, height, steps, caused, solve, vector, true, reaction, necessary, calculate, significant, check] Redox Reaction, Answer Question, Redox redox reaction, answer question, question, redox, bond dipoles, solve equation, equation describes, dipoles, condenses, intermediates
460 27 460_cell growth_cancer_tumor_p53 [cell growth, cancer, tumor, p53, tumor suppressor, breast, suppressor, uncontrolled, cancers, activated, cell cycle, suppressor gene, cycle, ras, growth, 30 percent, genes, interfering, regulation, tumor cells, oncogene, permanently, percent, encoding, division, checkpoints, cell, cell division, mutated, undergoing, 50 percent, cancer cells, regulatory, host cell, proteins, form results, best understood, mutations, gene, ability cause, oncogenic, results increased, cancerous cells, cells viruses, collective, dna cells, inappropriate, regulatory proteins, human, growth factor] Cell Growth, Cancer, Tumor cell growth, cancer, tumor, p53, tumor suppressor, breast, suppressor, uncontrolled, cancers, activated
461 26 461_24 24_24__ [24 24, 24, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 24 24 24 24, 24, , , , , , , ,
462 26 462_static electricity_electricity_static_phenomena [static electricity, electricity, static, phenomena, chaotic, chaos, small scale, scale, chapters, magnetism, macroscopic scale, electricity magnetism, broader, macroscopic, aspect, large scale, shall, disparate, systems, electric, studies, begin, number particles, charge electrons, fascinating, devoted, electric currents, cling, analogies, power source, attractive force, currents, fundamentally, inherently, verification, relatively simple, irregular, physical quantity, unit charge, measurements, spectacular, electrostatics, charges, temporarily, motional emf, fundamental, exploring, onset, motional, opposed] Static Electricity, Electricity, Static static electricity, electricity, static, phenomena, chaotic, chaos, small scale, scale, chapters, magnetism
463 26 463____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
464 26 464_velocity electron_kinetic energy_kinetic_energy ev [velocity electron, kinetic energy, kinetic, energy ev, electron, energy velocity, energy mev, mev, uncertainty energy, ev, velocity, energy given, energy electron, uncertainty, proton, electron does, short lifetime, tau, initially, electron positron, momentum, recoil velocity, energy, decay mode, initially rest, ci, nearly, rest energy, fragment, calculate magnitude, returns, revolution, starting point, recoil, mode, dust, rest, positron, neutrino, assuming, having, total energy, average velocity, lifetime, similarly, relativistic, starting, spin, angular momentum, compare] Velocity Electron, Kinetic Energy, Kinetic velocity electron, kinetic energy, kinetic, energy ev, electron, energy velocity, energy mev, mev, uncertainty energy, ev
465 26 465_constructive_interference_constructive interference_destructive interference [constructive, interference, constructive interference, destructive interference, destructive, waves, peaks, constructive destructive, amplitude, superimposed, interfering, destructively, troughs, wave, phase, wavefront, superposition, constructively, pure, arrive, identical, regions, cone, propagation, wavelength, dimensions, occurs, screen, paths, place time, standing, slits, energy waves, interference waves, antinode, sonic boom, lines, interfere constructively, boom, propagation speed, time time, semicircular, crests, wave interference, period frequency, differ, shown, sonic, figure 27, denote] Constructive, Interference, Constructive Interference constructive, interference, constructive interference, destructive interference, destructive, waves, peaks, constructive destructive, amplitude, superimposed
466 26 466_td td_equilibrium concentration_initial concentration_td [td td, equilibrium concentration, initial concentration, td, ice table, concentration, tr, tr td, td tr, table, rowspan colspan, td rowspan, rowspan, colspan, table tr, tr table, equilibrium, aq, tr tr, yes, balanced, ice, initial, yields, substituting, equation, equation yields, expression gives, assumption, solubility, expression, molar solubility, solving, approach, solubility product, quadratic, unbalanced, simplified, equilibrium concentrations, hydronium ion, product, ion, reactants, equilibrium constant, solution, numbers atoms, table table, terms, calculation, gives] Td Td, Equilibrium Concentration, Initial Concentration td td, equilibrium concentration, initial concentration, td, ice table, concentration, tr, tr td, td tr, table
467 26 467_titrant_titration_ph_equivalence [titrant, titration, ph, equivalence, color change, indicator, orange, color, methyl, solution ph, solution, figure 14, added, acid, base, point, curves, sample, yellow, conjugate, conjugate base, solution required, 14 17, weak acid, titrations, interval, 14, buffer, beaker, indicators, strong base, strong, change, weak, solution containing, determined, strong acid, suitable, choice, composition, appear, excess, samples, equally, reached, volume, acetic, acetic acid, consumed, red] Titrant, Titration, Ph titrant, titration, ph, equivalence, color change, indicator, orange, color, methyl, solution ph
468 26 468_esophagus_swallowing_stomach_movements [esophagus, swallowing, stomach, movements, sphincter, mouth, food, wave like, chewing, rectum, colon, elimination, eliminated, pharynx, tongue, muscular, digestive, push, moved, smooth, animals true, expulsion, bronchi bronchioles, propelled, length body, waste, enters, travels, passes, involuntary, thirds, undigested, muscle, throat, reflex, shut, ingest, muscles, ingested, cavity, juices, digestive tract, semi, bronchioles, anus, sensation, bronchi, opens, action, true] Esophagus, Swallowing, Stomach esophagus, swallowing, stomach, movements, sphincter, mouth, food, wave like, chewing, rectum
469 26 469_atm_torr_total pressure_pressure [atm, torr, total pressure, pressure, occupies, temperature pressure, gas, monoxide, mass gas, volume, gas mixture, partial pressure, 00 atm, cylinder, solution behavior, assuming ideal, diffuses, gas pressure, mixture, acetylene, ideal solution, carbon monoxide, partial, molecular formula, assuming, 00, pressure gas, pressure carbon, rate volume, convert pressure, molar mass, feet, air contains, temperature number, atmospheric pressure, vapor pressure, sample carbon, contains, 760, gaseous carbon, cubic, carbon dioxide, calculate volume, air pressure, ice water, dry air, total, gaseous, moles, volume air] Atm, Torr, Total Pressure atm, torr, total pressure, pressure, occupies, temperature pressure, gas, monoxide, mass gas, volume
470 26 470_agree_applications nuclear_melted_proper time [agree, applications nuclear, melted, proper time, does make, medical applications, make sense, nuclear physics, burn, quantitative, fact, arise, looking, attracted, noted, cost, load, proper, clear, flows, sense, medical, applications, questions, stable, means, does, parallel, initial, physics, make, specific, nuclear, current, small, time, energy, , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Agree, Applications Nuclear, Melted agree, applications nuclear, melted, proper time, does make, medical applications, make sense, nuclear physics, burn, quantitative
471 26 471_analog_galvanometer_meters_device called [analog, galvanometer, meters, device called, current, device, lamp, resistance, capacitor, deflection, voltmeter, meter, needle, voltage, bridge, positive terminal, produce larger, toys, lower resistance, series galvanometer, switching, resistance series, resistor, application, discharges, torque current, shorten, parallel, socket, user, appliances, resistance current, grounded, ammeters, voltmeters, greater, calculator, voltage sources, flexibility, current flow, deliver, digital, opposed, subjected, bulbs, ammeter, charging, volt, appliance, far] Analog, Galvanometer, Meters analog, galvanometer, meters, device called, current, device, lamp, resistance, capacitor, deflection
472 26 472_15 15_15__ [15 15, 15, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] 15 15 15 15, 15, , , , , , , ,
473 26 473_enzyme called_digest_saliva_starch [enzyme called, digest, saliva, starch, enzymes, enzyme, breaks, cleaves, carbohydrates, stomach, breakdown, duodenum, peptides, broken, juices, pancreatic, pancreas, glycogen, fats, lipids, called, chief, peptide bonds, mouth, polypeptides, glucose, begins, smaller molecules, border, break, act, positive feedback, smaller, inactive, monosaccharides, catalyzes, tongue, contains, intestinal, activate, lactose, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric, generates, proteins, protein, cell walls, sucrose, secreted, peptide] Enzyme Called, Digest, Saliva enzyme called, digest, saliva, starch, enzymes, enzyme, breaks, cleaves, carbohydrates, stomach
474 26 474_able following_phylogenetic_sexual reproduction_phylogenetic tree [able following, phylogenetic, sexual reproduction, phylogenetic tree, sexual, reproduction, phylogeny, evolutionary, relationships, fertilization, 43, section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives, animal, animals, discuss, classification, able, section, tree, evolutionary relationships, animal kingdom, evolutionary history, learning, embryonic development, end, 27 features, methods, reproductive anatomy, kingdom, form function, sperm egg, organogenesis, body plans, following, gestation, following discuss, embryonic, interpret, asexual, biology, plans, science, collect, organ systems, pregnancy, history] Able Following, Phylogenetic, Sexual Reproduction able following, phylogenetic, sexual reproduction, phylogenetic tree, sexual, reproduction, phylogeny, evolutionary, relationships, fertilization
475 25 475_periodic table_periodic_positions_sr [periodic table, periodic, positions, sr, cl, order increasing, mg, monatomic, br, si, ionization energy, ca, following, transition metal, noble gas, classify, based, ba, increasing, predict, li, rb, noble, table, metal, period, na, te, classify following, atoms following, earth metal, ionization, write electron, atomic radius, orbital diagram, order, arrange, inner transition, elements, fe, radius, transition, list, main group, alkaline earth, halogen, cadmium, electronegative, valence shell, atoms] Periodic Table, Periodic, Positions periodic table, periodic, positions, sr, cl, order increasing, mg, monatomic, br, si
476 25 476_repeat_exercise_previous problem_previous [repeat, exercise, previous problem, previous, final result, light incident, problem, example example, glasses, example 20, incident angle, walk, incident, negative charge, legs, 23 14, eyes, analytical techniques, using analytical, directly away, lines figure, integrated concepts, taking account, silver, meaningful, reverse, device used, decelerates, device, away earth, integrated, change time, 10 15, concepts, time interval, referring, angle, copper wire, sled, drift velocity, kinetic friction, heading, example 23, average power, example, tungsten, meet, reversed, thermal expansion, fired] Repeat, Previous Problem, Previous repeat, exercise, previous problem, previous, final result, light incident, problem, example example, glasses, example 20
477 25 477_mosaic virus_grape_fungus_mosaic [mosaic virus, grape, fungus, mosaic, grey, virus, mushrooms, causative agent, causative, partner, potato, mold, fungal, agent, pathogens, crops, infect, plants, disease, late, caused, important plant, cucumber, infection, seeds germinate, insecticide, primarily, edible, rose, grapes, aquatic environments, causes, fungal infections, inhabit, chlorarachniophytes, common, penicillin, mycorrhizal, chytrids, dutch, poisonous, causing, harsh, include, athlete, belongs, elm, including humans, nineteenth, rust] Mosaic Virus, Grape, Fungus mosaic virus, grape, fungus, mosaic, grey, virus, mushrooms, causative agent, causative, partner
478 25 478_homologous_chromosomes_chromosome_homologous chromosomes [homologous, chromosomes, chromosome, homologous chromosomes, nonsister chromatids, nonsister, maternal, chromatids, recombination, inversion, crossover, recombinant, homologous recombination, arms, crossing, chromosomal theory, lengths, metaphase, meiosis, progeny, reciprocal, genes, exchanges, chromosomal, inheritance, genetic, chromosome number, combination, recombination frequency, nondisjunction, vehicles, alignment, combinations, assortment, gamete, pairing, genotype, diploid, patterns, linkage, orientation, plate, segment, parents, parental, segments, separate, exhibits, locations, theory] Homologous, Chromosomes, Chromosome homologous, chromosomes, chromosome, homologous chromosomes, nonsister chromatids, nonsister, maternal, chromatids, recombination, inversion
479 25 479____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,
480 25 480_ideal_ideal gas_pressure volume_gas [ideal, ideal gas, pressure volume, gas, gases, non ideal, pressure high, relationships, gas laws, hypothetical, quantities, real, thermodynamic, behavior, conditions, high temperature, measurement, module, temperature, gas law, temperature pressure, surroundings, extents, mathematical, thermodynamic properties, used compute, measured quantities, reproducible, using known, able determine, values, molecular masses, determined experimentally, deviations, high pressures, certain conditions, process used, used extensively, relations, graham law, uncertain, orders magnitude, gas behavior, ideally, agreement, consider, measurements, counting, gas temperature, calorimetry] Ideal, Ideal Gas, Pressure Volume ideal, ideal gas, pressure volume, gas, gases, non ideal, pressure high, relationships, gas laws, hypothetical
481 25 481_frogs_amphibians_figure 45_crayfish [frogs, amphibians, figure 45, crayfish, figure 34, provide example, examples, vertebrate, shown figure, jellyfish, frog, carnivores, deer, jaws, like shown, 45, invertebrate, include, figure 28, infect, crustaceans, 34, wild, 28, figure 43, 29, shown, 29 20, 18 13, form figure, lyme disease, coral reef, breaths, cephalopods, lyme, food sources, sea star, crabs, spiders, figure 29, cats, crab, keystone, keystone species, 43, seals, reef, corals, usfws, sea stars] Frogs, Amphibians, Figure 45 frogs, amphibians, figure 45, crayfish, figure 34, provide example, examples, vertebrate, shown figure, jellyfish
482 25 482_elements_metals_representative_uncombined [elements, metals, representative, uncombined, representative elements, strontium, unstable, compounds, noble gases, representative metals, reactive, barium, react, transition metals, noble, nonmetals, silver gold, elements react, low melting, coordination chemistry, forms compounds, yttrium, group metals, block, water molecules, gases, characters, metals oxides, silicon, element compound, covalently, chemical compounds, melting points, covalent ionic, mercury, helium neon, oxygen air, dissolved, sr, ba, free, shiny, complex ion, metalloids, elements group, constitutes, loosely, high pressure, silicon dioxide, copper] Elements, Metals, Representative elements, metals, representative, uncombined, representative elements, strontium, unstable, compounds, noble gases, representative metals
483 25 483_justify_doesn_items_outlet [justify, doesn, items, outlet, numbered, bread, match, hypothesis, scientific method, prediction, plug, answer, coffee, works, everyday, underline, comparisons, instructions, dalton law, boyle law, scientific, experiment, prefix, boyle, steps, answer reasonable, refrigerator, solving, door, dalton, right hand, dropped, method, greek, cool, response, responses, explanation, adjacent, leaving, problem, event, rules, reasonable, result, real, test, open, biological, hand] Justify, Doesn, Items justify, doesn, items, outlet, numbered, bread, match, hypothesis, scientific method, prediction
484 25 484_ruler_tape_throw_pulls [ruler, tape, throw, pulls, ball, door, strikes, curved, attach, perpendicular wall, falls, string, edge, near, trick, material used, number 12, lump, hold, waxed, nails, fans, ceiling, brightly colored, hook, binoculars, brightly, far does, fixing, rubber band, ink, cliff, national park, tennis ball, trajectory, climb, sticky, shore, mast, positioned, dental, tree, coins, park, sled, straight, team, downstream, upstream, strings] Ruler, Tape, Throw ruler, tape, throw, pulls, ball, door, strikes, curved, attach, perpendicular wall
485 25 485_reasoning_95_101_explain [reasoning, 95, 101, explain, briefly, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Reasoning, Explain, Briefly reasoning, 95, 101, explain, briefly, , , , ,
486 25 486_speciation_punctuated equilibrium_punctuated_sympatric [speciation, punctuated equilibrium, punctuated, sympatric, gradual, sympatric speciation, occur, likely, species live, climate, population, species, continued, fitness, stable, equilibrium, competition, geographic, dispersal, populations, experiences, biologists, lives, rapid, hybrid offspring, original population, hybrid, leads, 18 22, following structures, accumulated, variety ways, hypothesized, quickly, adaptive radiation, think, reproductive isolation, term used, uv radiation, live, periods time, remain, hybrids, members species, error, asteroid, long periods, genetic drift, mass extinction, diverge] Speciation, Punctuated Equilibrium, Punctuated speciation, punctuated equilibrium, punctuated, sympatric, gradual, sympatric speciation, occur, likely, species live, climate
487 25 487_explain_explain answer_explain explain_answer [explain, explain answer, explain explain, answer, explain happens, explain observations, convert units, aberrations, various types, appropriate equation, tunneling, briefly, conservation momentum, reasoning, step, choose, technology, barrier, ultrasound, observations, units, list, calculations, happens, appropriate, medical, convert, define, producing, uses, conservation, quantum, examples, include, various, decay, types, momentum, potential, equation, , , , , , , , , , ] Explain, Explain Answer, Explain Explain explain, explain answer, explain explain, answer, explain happens, explain observations, convert units, aberrations, various types, appropriate equation
488 25 488_50___ [50, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 50, , , , , , , , ,
489 25 489_cis_central carbon_trans_cis trans [cis, central carbon, trans, cis trans, double bond, different atoms, groups, methyl, isomers, double, butene, opposite sides, configuration, isomer, trans configuration, connected, central, hydrogens, geometric isomers, bond, molecule, atoms, sides, ethane, illustrates, geometric, molecular formula, hydrocarbon, methane, carbon, chain, neighboring atoms, compounds molecular, isomers different, corners tetrahedron, 20 11, atoms arranged, 19 21, carbon atom, ring, hydrogen atoms, structural, formula different, delocalized, opposite, formula, different, ethene, tetrahedron, indicate] Cis, Central Carbon, Trans cis, central carbon, trans, cis trans, double bond, different atoms, groups, methyl, isomers, double
490 25 490_73_78__ [73, 78, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic 73, 78, , , , , , , ,
491 25 491_viruses_life forms_adapt_pathways [viruses, life forms, adapt, pathways, infectious, bacteria, biochemical, organisms, entities, living, evolve, evolved, virus, new form, early life, scholars, single common, necessity, earth example, field called, knows, prion, organisms earth, entity, histories, investigations, urea cycle, comparisons, virology, different organisms, emergence, ubiquitous, begun, better understand, sequenced, better, picked, mitochondria chloroplasts, criteria, systematics, disease causing, living organism, environment, couple, requirement, proved, nonliving, respective, celled organisms, scientists] Viruses, Life Forms, Adapt viruses, life forms, adapt, pathways, infectious, bacteria, biochemical, organisms, entities, living
492 25 492____ [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] Unknown Topic , , , , , , , , ,

2. Topic Hierarchy

How topics cluster together based on semantic similarity.


3. Topic Map

2D visualization of topic clusters.


4. Global Topic Similarity

Heatmap of cosine similarity between all topics.


5. Subject Composition

What topics make up each subject?


6. Subject Distribution per Topic

Select a topic to see which subjects it appears in.


7. Per-Subject Topic Similarity

How topics relate within specific subjects.


8. Cosine Similarity Validation

Comparing Chapter Embeddings vs. Summed Page Embeddings.

subject chapter num_pages cosine_similarity
biology chapter_36 32 0.9884
biology chapter_17 28 0.9883
biology chapter_19 20 0.9876
biology chapter_27 26 0.9876
biology chapter_46 30 0.9876
biology chapter_40 24 0.9873
biology chapter_21 30 0.9873
biology chapter_37 32 0.9871
biology chapter_26 30 0.9871
biology chapter_12 32 0.9870
biology chapter_11 18 0.9868
biology chapter_47 32 0.9868
biology chapter_43 36 0.9867
biology chapter_30 42 0.9867
biology chapter_42 34 0.9867
biology chapter_22 38 0.9865
biology chapter_16 24 0.9864
biology chapter_09 26 0.9863
biology chapter_10 28 0.9863
biology chapter_35 40 0.9862
biology chapter_29 52 0.9861
biology chapter_23 38 0.9860
biology chapter_41 20 0.9860
biology chapter_33 26 0.9860
biology chapter_44 36 0.9858
biology chapter_28 56 0.9856
biology chapter_15 28 0.9856
biology chapter_25 28 0.9855
biology chapter_20 20 0.9852
biology chapter_45 48 0.9852
biology chapter_13 18 0.9851
physics chapter_34 34 0.9851
biology chapter_14 28 0.9849
biology chapter_01 24 0.9849
biology chapter_18 24 0.9846
biology chapter_02 30 0.9844
biology chapter_38 42 0.9844
biology chapter_07 28 0.9843
biology chapter_05 32 0.9839
physics chapter_33 36 0.9837
biology chapter_39 26 0.9833
physics chapter_24 34 0.9831
physics chapter_26 34 0.9830
biology chapter_24 34 0.9828
physics chapter_30 60 0.9827
biology chapter_31 18 0.9824
biology chapter_08 22 0.9818
physics chapter_15 54 0.9815
biology chapter_32 32 0.9815
physics chapter_27 52 0.9814
physics chapter_01 32 0.9813
biology chapter_34 30 0.9813
biology chapter_03 36 0.9812
physics chapter_25 54 0.9810
physics chapter_21 50 0.9809
biology chapter_06 26 0.9809
physics chapter_29 42 0.9806
physics chapter_04 50 0.9803
physics chapter_20 46 0.9802
physics chapter_18 44 0.9796
physics chapter_17 48 0.9795
physics chapter_31 44 0.9795
biology chapter_04 34 0.9792
physics chapter_16 48 0.9788
physics chapter_22 50 0.9784
physics chapter_23 60 0.9783
physics chapter_06 42 0.9781
chemistry chapter_11 52 0.9772
chemistry chapter_06 56 0.9767
chemistry chapter_01 52 0.9765
physics chapter_11 50 0.9764
physics chapter_13 48 0.9762
physics chapter_09 34 0.9761
physics chapter_19 40 0.9753
physics chapter_05 30 0.9749
physics chapter_08 34 0.9748
physics chapter_07 54 0.9747
chemistry chapter_21 56 0.9743
physics chapter_14 46 0.9738
physics chapter_02 62 0.9735
physics chapter_28 40 0.9733
chemistry chapter_10 72 0.9729
physics chapter_12 40 0.9728
physics chapter_10 48 0.9728
chemistry chapter_18 78 0.9727
physics chapter_32 44 0.9725
chemistry chapter_19 42 0.9721
chemistry chapter_02 56 0.9702
chemistry chapter_09 60 0.9693
chemistry chapter_07 62 0.9692
physics chapter_03 48 0.9683
chemistry chapter_08 40 0.9672
chemistry chapter_16 34 0.9648
chemistry chapter_05 46 0.9645
chemistry chapter_03 42 0.9642
chemistry chapter_04 52 0.9617
chemistry chapter_12 58 0.9613
chemistry chapter_17 40 0.9610
chemistry chapter_13 36 0.9608
chemistry chapter_20 44 0.9597
chemistry chapter_14 56 0.9560
chemistry chapter_15 34 0.9515